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Lateralization01:28

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Brain lateralization refers to the division of mental processes and functions between the two hemispheres of the brain, a phenomenon that optimizes neural efficiency and underpins complex abilities in humans. This specialization allows each hemisphere to perform tasks where it has a comparative advantage, facilitating more refined cognitive capabilities across different domains.
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The human brain, a complex organ, is functionally divided into two cerebral hemispheres—left and right. These hemispheres are interconnected by a structure of paramount importance, the corpus callosum. This substantial bundle of neural fibers is not just a bridge between the hemispheres but a crucial element for the brain's comprehensive functioning. It enables efficient communication between the two hemispheres, allowing each side of the brain to control and receive sensory and motor...
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The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
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The somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobes is crucial for interpreting sensory data such as touch, temperature, and proprioception. The somatosensory cortex, situated in the parietal lobes, plays a vital role in interpreting sensory information like touch, temperature, and proprioception—awareness of body position. This specialized brain region features an organized structure wherein neurons at the top primarily process sensations originating from the lower body. In contrast, those at...
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Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
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Evaluation of Hemisphere Lateralization with Bilateral Local Field Potential Recording in Secondary Motor Cortex of Mice
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Hemispheric Differences in Functional Interactions Between the Dorsal Lateral Prefrontal Cortex and Ipsilateral Motor

Yanqiu Wang1,2,3, Na Cao1,4, Yitong Lin1

  • 1School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
|June 26, 2020
PubMed
Summary

The left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) significantly inhibits the ipsilateral motor cortex (M1) more than the right DLPFC. This study reveals distinct resting-state connectivity between hemispheres for motor control.

Keywords:
dorsolateral prefrontal cortexfunctional connectivityhemispheric differencesprimary motor cortextranscranial magnetic stimulation

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Motor Control
  • Brain Connectivity

Background:

  • The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) integrates motor control and behavior across both hemispheres.
  • Understanding hemispheric differences in DLPFC-motor cortex connections is crucial for explaining DLPFC's varied roles in motor behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the resting-state interactions between the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and the primary motor cortex (M1) within each hemisphere.
  • To test the hypothesis that the left DLPFC exerts a stronger inhibitory influence on the ipsilateral M1 compared to the right DLPFC.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a dual-coil paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) paradigm in 14 right-handed subjects.
  • Applied conditioning stimulus (CS) to DLPFC and test stimulus (TS) to M1 at various interstimulus intervals (ISIs).
  • Measured the effect as a percentage of the unconditioned TMS response amplitude.

Main Results:

  • The left hemisphere demonstrated significantly stronger inhibition of M1 at ISIs of 2, 10, 15, and 20 ms (p < 0.05).
  • No significant inhibition or facilitation was observed in the right hemisphere across all tested ISIs.
  • Revealed distinct cortico-cortical connectivity patterns between the left and right hemispheres.

Conclusions:

  • The resting-state cortico-cortical connectivity between the DLPFC and M1 differs between the two brain hemispheres.
  • The left DLPFC exhibits dominance in inhibiting the ipsilateral M1, suggesting specialized roles in motor regulation.