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Lytic Cycle of Bacteriophages01:30

Lytic Cycle of Bacteriophages

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Bacteriophages, also known as phages, are specialized viruses that infect bacteria. A key characteristic of phages is their distinctive “head-tail” morphology. A phage begins the infection process (i.e., lytic cycle) by attaching to the outside of a bacterial cell. Attachment is accomplished via proteins in the phage tail that bind to specific receptor proteins on the outer surface of the bacterium. The tail injects the phage’s DNA genome into the bacterial cytoplasm. In the...
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Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

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Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
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Lysogenic Cycle of Bacteriophages00:43

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In contrast to the lytic cycle, phages infecting bacteria via the lysogenic cycle do not immediately kill their host cell. Instead, they combine their genome with the host genome, allowing the bacteria to replicate the phage DNA along with the bacterial genome. The incorporated copy of the phage genome is called the prophage. Some prophages can re-activate and enter the lytic cycle. This often occurs in response to a perturbation, such as DNA damage, but can also transpire in the absence of...
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DNA Bacteriophages01:26

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Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that specifically infect bacteria, utilizing their genetic material to hijack host cellular machinery for replication. DNA bacteriophages employ single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) or double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genomes. These phages exhibit diverse replication strategies and host interactions, influencing their ecological roles and applications in biotechnology and medicine.ssDNA BacteriophagesssDNA phages, with their small genomes, utilize unique strategies to...
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Viral Replication: Lysogenic Cycle01:16

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The lysogenic cycle is a crucial viral replication strategy that allows bacteriophages to persist within host cells without immediately destroying them. This process is primarily observed in temperate phages, such as bacteriophage lambda (λ), which infects Escherichia coli. The cycle allows the viral genome to persist across bacterial generations while keeping host cells viable.Integration of the Viral GenomeUpon infection, bacteriophage lambda attaches to the bacterial surface and injects...
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Gene Therapy00:59

Gene Therapy

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Gene therapy is a technique where a gene is inserted into a person’s cells to prevent or treat a serious disease. The added gene may be a healthy version of the gene that is mutated in the patient, or it could be a different gene that inactivates or compensates for the patient’s disease-causing gene. For example, in patients with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) due to a mutation in the gene for the enzyme adenosine deaminase, a functioning version of the gene can be...
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Bacteriophage Effectiveness for Biocontrol of Foodborne Pathogens Evaluated via High-Throughput Settings
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Phage Therapy in the Year 2035.

Jean-Paul Pirnay1

  • 1Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Technology, Queen Astrid Military Hospital, Brussels, Belgium.

Frontiers in Microbiology
|June 26, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Multidrug resistant bacteria pose a significant threat. Personalized phage therapy, utilizing synthetic phages and AI/DL technology, offers a sustainable solution for future infectious disease treatment by 2035.

Keywords:
antibiotic resistanceantimicrobial resistanceartificial intelligencedistributed ledger technologyinfectious diseasesmachine learningphage therapysynthetic biology

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Multidrug resistant bacteria are a major global health concern, driving the need for novel therapeutic strategies.
  • Phage therapy is emerging as a promising alternative to antibiotics, but faces challenges in development and clinical application.
  • Current approaches to infectious disease treatment require innovation to address the limitations of conventional antibiotics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To advocate for a paradigm shift towards personalized phage therapy.
  • To propose a model for a sustainable and ethical supply chain for instant synthetic phages.
  • To outline the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Distributed Ledger (DL) Technology in phage therapy development.

Main Methods:

  • Conceptual framework development for personalized phage therapy.
  • Design of a community-driven, public health-supported supply chain model.
  • Integration strategy for AI and DL technologies in managing synthetic phage production and distribution.

Main Results:

  • A vision for personalized phage therapy achievable by 2035.
  • A proposed sustainable and ethical framework for synthetic phage production.
  • A technological infrastructure leveraging AI and DL for efficient phage therapy management.

Conclusions:

  • Personalized phage therapy represents a viable future direction for combating antibiotic resistance.
  • A collaborative, technology-enabled approach is crucial for realizing the potential of phage therapy.
  • The proposed model addresses key challenges in phage development, supply chain, and therapeutic application.