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DNA Bacteriophages01:26

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Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that specifically infect bacteria, utilizing their genetic material to hijack host cellular machinery for replication. DNA bacteriophages employ single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) or double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genomes. These phages exhibit diverse replication strategies and host interactions, influencing their ecological roles and applications in biotechnology and medicine.ssDNA BacteriophagesssDNA phages, with their small genomes, utilize unique strategies to...
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Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that specifically infect bacteria. Among them, T-even bacteriophages, such as T4, exhibit a well-characterized lytic replication cycle in Escherichia coli (E. coli). This process ensures the rapid proliferation of the virus while ultimately leading to the destruction of the bacterial host.Attachment and DNA InjectionThe infection process begins with the recognition and binding of the T4 phage to the E. coli cell surface. Tail fibers of the phage...
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In contrast to the lytic cycle, phages infecting bacteria via the lysogenic cycle do not immediately kill their host cell. Instead, they combine their genome with the host genome, allowing the bacteria to replicate the phage DNA along with the bacterial genome. The incorporated copy of the phage genome is called the prophage. Some prophages can re-activate and enter the lytic cycle. This often occurs in response to a perturbation, such as DNA damage, but can also transpire in the absence of...
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Intracellular bacteria and viruses often comprise a group of highly infectious pathogens that can cause several diseases. Bacterial pathogens include those belonging to the genus Rickettsia responsible for conditions such as rocky mountain spotted fever and the Mediterranean spotted fever; Chlamydia, a genus responsible for a sexually transmitted disease; Coxiella burnetii, an agent responsible for Q fever. Viral pathogens include vaccinia—a poxvirus, and herpes simplex virus—a...
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Interactions between Bacteriophages and Eukaryotic Cells.

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Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that infect bacteria. Recent research shows phages can interact with eukaryotes, offering new therapeutic potential beyond antibiotic resistance.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Virology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Bacteriophages (phages) are viruses that infect bacteria, traditionally considered prokaryote-specific.
  • The rise of antibiotic resistance has renewed interest in phages as alternative antimicrobial agents.
  • Emerging evidence suggests phages can interact with eukaryotic organisms, including humans.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the interactions between bacteriophages and eukaryotes.
  • To explore the implications of these interactions for therapeutic applications.
  • To categorize direct and indirect phage-eukaryote interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on bacteriophage-eukaryote interactions.
  • Categorization of interactions into direct and indirect.
  • Discussion of specific examples like phage-related diseases, transcytosis, and cancer cell interactions.

Main Results:

  • Bacteriophages engage in both direct and indirect interactions with eukaryotes.
  • Interactions include phage-related diseases, transcytosis, interactions with cancer cells, and horizontal gene transfer.
  • Phage-eukaryote interactions are crucial for developing phages as therapeutic agents and delivery systems.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding phage-eukaryote interactions is vital for advancing phage-based therapies.
  • Integrated approaches (in silico, in vitro, in vivo) and clinical trials will drive phage applications.
  • Phages represent a promising repertoire for biologic target-based drug development for complex diseases.