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Related Concept Videos

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

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Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 17, 2025

Suppression of Pro-fibrotic Signaling Potentiates Factor-mediated Reprogramming of Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts into Induced Cardiomyocytes
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MicroRNA-Mediated Direct Reprogramming of Human Adult Fibroblasts Toward Cardiac Phenotype.

C Paoletti1, C Divieto2, G Tarricone1

  • 1Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy.

Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology
|June 26, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

MicroRNA combination (miRcombo) transfection can reprogram adult human cardiac fibroblasts into cardiomyocyte-like cells, offering a potential new therapy for heart regeneration after injury.

Keywords:
cardiac fibroblastscardiomyocytesdigital droplet PCR (ddPCR)direct reprogrammingmicroRNAs

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Biology
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Molecular Therapy

Background:

  • Myocardial regeneration after ischemic heart disease is a critical clinical challenge.
  • Direct reprogramming of fibroblasts into cardiomyocytes offers a promising therapeutic strategy.
  • Previous studies demonstrated success in murine models using specific microRNA combinations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the efficacy of miRcombo transfection in reprogramming adult human cardiac fibroblasts (AHCFs) into cardiomyocyte-like cells.
  • To assess the potential of non-viral vector-mediated delivery for clinical translation.
  • To evaluate the expression of cardiac-specific markers and functional characteristics post-transfection.

Main Methods:

  • Adult human cardiac fibroblasts (AHCFs) were transfected with a combination of four microRNA mimics (miRcombo) using DharmaFECT1 non-viral vector.
  • Gene expression analysis was performed to assess cardiac transcription factors and fibroblast markers.
  • Flow cytometry was used to quantify cardiomyocyte-specific marker (cTnT) positive cells.
  • Spontaneous calcium transients were measured to evaluate functional cardiomyocyte-like activity.

Main Results:

  • miRcombo transfection upregulated early cardiac transcription factors within 7 days and cardiomyocyte marker cTnT by 15 days.
  • Fibroblast marker expression was downregulated at 15 days post-transfection.
  • Approximately 11% of AHCFs expressed cTnT 15 days post-transfection.
  • Around 38% of miRcombo-transfected AHCFs exhibited spontaneous calcium transients at 30 days.

Conclusions:

  • Transient miRcombo transfection can induce direct transdifferentiation of AHCFs into cardiomyocyte-like cells.
  • This approach shows potential for developing novel cell-based therapies for human cardiac regeneration.
  • Further research is required to optimize cell maturation for clinical application.