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Molecular Aspects and Future Perspectives of Cytokine-Based Anti-cancer Immunotherapy
Daria S Chulpanova1, Kristina V Kitaeva1, Andrew R Green2
1Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia.
Abstract:
Cytokine-based immunotherapy is a promising field in the cancer treatment, since cytokines, as proteins of the immune system, are able to modulate the host immune response toward cancer cell, as well as directly induce tumor cell death. Since a low dose monotherapy with some cytokines has no significant therapeutic results and a high dose treatment leads to a number of side effects caused by the pleiotropic effect of cytokines, the problem of understanding the influence of cytokines on the immune cells involved in the pro- and anti-tumor immune response remains a pressing one. Immune system cells carry CD makers on their surface which can be used to identify various populations of cells of the immune system that play different roles in pro- and anti-tumor immune responses. This review discusses the functions and specific CD markers of various immune cell populations which are reported to participate in the regulation of the immune response against the tumor. The results of research studies and clinical trials investigating the effect of cytokine therapy on the regulation of immune cell populations and their surface markers are also discussed. Current trends in the development of cancer immunotherapy, as well as the role of cytokines in combination with other therapeutic agents, are also discussed.
Insights
Cytokine immunotherapy shows promise for cancer treatment by modulating immune responses. Understanding cytokine effects on immune cells, identified by CD markers, is crucial for effective cancer therapy.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Oncology
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Cytokine immunotherapy is a promising cancer treatment strategy.
- Cytokines modulate immune responses and can induce tumor cell death.
- Challenges include low efficacy of low-dose monotherapy and side effects of high-dose therapy due to cytokine pleiotropy.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the functions and CD markers of immune cells involved in anti-tumor responses.
- To discuss the impact of cytokine therapy on immune cell populations and their surface markers.
- To explore current trends in cancer immunotherapy and the role of cytokines in combination therapies.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of research studies and clinical trials.
- Analysis of immune cell populations and their associated CD markers.
- Discussion of cytokine functions in pro- and anti-tumor immune responses.
Main Results:
- Identified key immune cell populations and their CD markers crucial for tumor immune regulation.
- Summarized research findings on how cytokine therapy affects immune cell populations and surface markers.
- Highlighted the role of cytokines in modulating immune responses against tumors.
Conclusions:
- Understanding cytokine interactions with specific immune cells (identified by CD markers) is vital for optimizing cancer immunotherapy.
- Cytokine therapy, especially in combination with other agents, holds significant potential for cancer treatment.
- Further research into cytokine mechanisms and immune cell modulation is needed for improved therapeutic strategies.
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