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Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

2.9K
Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
2.9K
Diamagnetic Shielding of Nuclei: Local Diamagnetic Current01:14

Diamagnetic Shielding of Nuclei: Local Diamagnetic Current

1.3K
An applied magnetic field causes the electrons present in the molecule to circulate, setting up a local diamagnetic current within the molecule. The local diamagnetic current arising from circulating sigma-bonding electrons induces a magnetic field, Blocal that opposes the applied magnetic field, B0. The effective magnetic field experienced by these nuclei is given by the difference between the applied and local magnetic fields in a phenomenon called local diamagnetic shielding. Essentially,...
1.3K
Magnetic Susceptibility and Permeability01:31

Magnetic Susceptibility and Permeability

2.1K
In linear magnetic materials, like paramagnets and diamagnets, magnetization is proportional to the magnetic field intensity. The constant of proportionality, a dimensionless number, is called magnetic susceptibility. The value of the susceptibility depends on the type of material.
When diamagnetic materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Hence, the susceptibility for diamagnets has a minimal negative value of 10-5–10-6. Since...
2.1K
Paramagnetism01:30

Paramagnetism

2.9K
Paramagnets are materials with unpaired electrons that possess a finite magnetic moment. In the absence of a magnetic field, these moments are randomly oriented, and thus the net moment is zero. Under an external field, a torque acting on the moments tends to align them along the field's direction. However, the random thermal motion of electrons produces a torque opposite to the external field and tries to disorient the moments. These two competing effects align only a few moments along the...
2.9K
Diamagnetism01:26

Diamagnetism

2.9K
Materials consisting of paired electrons have zero net magnetic moments. However, when these materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Such materials are called diamagnets. Diamagnetism is the response of the diamagnets when placed in an external magnetic field.
Diamagnetism was discovered by Anton Brugmans in 1778 when he observed that bismuth gets repelled by magnetic fields, thus theorizing that diamagnets get repelled by magnets....
2.9K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 17, 2025

Stable Aqueous Suspensions of Manganese Ferrite Clusters with Tunable Nanoscale Dimension and Composition
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Controlling Magnetization Reversal and Hyperthermia Efficiency in Core-Shell Iron-Iron Oxide Magnetic Nanoparticles

K Simeonidis1,2, C Martinez-Boubeta3, D Serantes4,5

  • 1Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece.

ACS Applied Nano Materials
|June 26, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Researchers enhanced magnetic particle hyperthermia cancer therapy using Fe/Fe-oxide core-shell nanoparticles. Manipulating core-shell interactions improved heating efficiency, offering a promising avenue for optimized clinical treatments.

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Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Magnetic particle hyperthermia (MPH) is a promising cancer therapy using alternating magnetic fields on nanoparticles.
  • Current MPH clinical efficacy requires optimization, driving research into improved nanoparticle designs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To enhance MPH efficiency by designing hybrid Fe/Fe-oxide core-shell nanoparticles.
  • To investigate the impact of core-shell interactions on nanoparticle heating capabilities.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of spherical Fe/Fe-oxide core-shell nanoparticles (30-80 nm).
  • Experimental measurement of hyperthermia efficiency and specific absorption rate (SAR).
  • Micromagnetic calculations to analyze magnetization reversal modes.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated enhanced hyperthermia efficiency up to 0.9 kW/g.
  • Identified particle size, core-shell ratio, and wüstite interlayer as key factors influencing SAR.
  • Unveiled unique magnetization reversal modes enhancing heat conversion.

Conclusions:

  • Core-shell interaction manipulation significantly boosts MPH efficiency in Fe/Fe-oxide nanoparticles.
  • Topologically nontrivial magnetization reversal modes are crucial for maximizing heat generation.
  • Findings offer new strategies for optimizing nanoparticle-based cancer hyperthermia.