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Related Concept Videos

The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
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Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
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Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
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The Parathyroid Glands00:59

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The two pairs of parathyroid glands embedded within the posterior surface of the thyroid gland are restricted by a dense capsule around them. These glands comprise two distinct cell populations—parathyroid oxyphil and parathyroid principal cells- pivotal in calcium homeostasis.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 17, 2025

Transoral Robotic Total Thyroidectomy and Bilateral Central Regional Lymph Node Dissection for Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
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Completion Thyroidectomy is Less Common Following Updated 2015 American Thyroid Association Guidelines.

Lindsay E Kuo1, Trevor E Angell2, T K Pandian3

  • 1Department of Surgery, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Annals of Surgical Oncology
|June 26, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The 2015 American Thyroid Association (ATA) guidelines led to a significant 48.6% decrease in completion thyroidectomy (CT) for low-risk differentiated thyroid cancers (DTC) between 1-4 cm. However, 25% of patients still underwent CT, indicating other factors influence treatment decisions.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Surgical Oncology
  • Thyroid Cancer Research

Background:

  • The 2015 American Thyroid Association (ATA) guidelines suggested thyroid lobectomy alone for low-risk differentiated thyroid cancers (DTC) between 1-4 cm.
  • This study investigates the impact of these guidelines on completion thyroidectomy (CT) rates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the change in CT rates for low-risk DTC after the 2015 ATA guidelines.
  • To identify factors influencing surgical decisions for CT in low-risk DTC patients.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective review of patients with DTC who underwent initial thyroid lobectomy between 2014 and 2018.
  • Patients were categorized into pre-guideline (2014-2015) and post-guideline (2016-2018) cohorts.
  • Comparison of CT rates and analysis of demographic and tumor characteristics associated with CT.

Main Results:

  • A total of 163 patients were included; 63 pre-guideline and 100 post-guideline.
  • CT rate decreased from 65.1% to 43.0% overall (p < 0.01).
  • For low-risk DTC (1-4 cm), CT decreased by 48.6% (48.6% pre vs. 25.0% post, p=0.02).
  • Tumor size, capsular invasion, and multifocality were associated with CT in the post-guideline low-risk group.

Conclusions:

  • The 2015 ATA guidelines led to a significant reduction in CT for low-risk DTC (1-4 cm).
  • Despite guideline changes, 25% of these patients still underwent CT, suggesting other influencing factors.
  • Factors like tumor size, capsular invasion, and multifocality play a role in surgical decision-making for CT.