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Updated: Dec 17, 2025
Author Spotlight: 3D Movement Assessment of Maxillary Posterior Teeth in Clear Aligner Treatment
Published on: February 23, 2024
Torque expression by active and passive self-ligating brackets in patients with four premolar extractions: A
Xinyi Ren1, Jiao Li1, Yunhe Zhao1
1Department of Orthodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
Objective:
Appropriate torque expression contributes to ideal treatment outcomes both clinically and aesthetically. Whether active and passive self-ligating brackets (SLBs) have different torque-control capability in vivo has never been reported. The purpose of present study was to explore whether there was difference in torque expression in active and passive SLBs.
Setting And Sample Population:
In this retrospective study, 225 patients with four first premolar extractions were enrolled. For each patient, the digital lateral cephalometric radiographs were taken before and after treatment.
Materials And Methods:
The study consisted of 2 groups: 111 subjects were treated with passive SLBs (Damon Q, Ormco) and 114 subjects with active SLBs (Empower 2, American Orthodontics). Measurements to determine skeletal changes and incisor inclination were obtained from cephalometric tracings using Dolphin software (version 11.8, USA). Comparisons in both groups and intergroups were compared using t tests and chi-square test.
Results:
Significant differences in the variation of U1-SN(°), U1-NA(°), L1-NB(°) and L1-FH(°) were found between two groups. More labially inclined maxillary incisors were found in active SLB group, while more labially inclined mandibular incisors were observed in passive SLB group.
Conclusions:
With the present prescription set in the two brackets, active SLBs achieved more proclined maxillary incisors and retroclined mandibular incisors. Clinicians should take torque expression of brackets into consideration during orthodontic treatment.
