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Expert or Esoteric? Philosophers Attribute Knowledge Differently Than All Other Academics.

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Academics and laypeople share similar ideas about knowledge, differing from philosophers. Philosophers

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AcademicsBeliefExpertiseFolk epistemologyGettier casesKnowledgeTheory of Mind

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Area of Science:

  • Epistemology
  • Cognitive Science
  • Philosophy of Mind

Background:

  • Academics across disciplines pursue knowledge using diverse methods, potentially leading to varied conceptions of knowledge possession.
  • Existing research suggests that intuitions about knowledge may differ across groups, particularly between philosophers and laypeople.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and compare the concept of knowledge held by academics across seven disciplines, philosophers, and laypeople.
  • To determine if academics outside of philosophy share similar or divergent concepts of knowledge compared to philosophers and the general public.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted two experimental studies involving a total of 1,581 academics from seven disciplines, 204 philosophers, and 336 laypeople.
  • Collected judgments on knowledge attribution in various scenarios, including "Gettier" situations and situations involving the possibility of error.

Main Results:

  • Academics and laypeople share a similar concept of knowledge, differing significantly from philosophers.
  • Unlike philosophers, academics and laypeople attributed knowledge in certain "Gettier" situations and were less likely to attribute knowledge when reminded of potential errors.
  • Non-philosophy academics exhibited greater skepticism about knowledge attribution than both laypeople and philosophers.

Conclusions:

  • Academics in diverse fields, like laypeople, hold a concept of knowledge that aligns with common intuitions.
  • Philosophers' concept of knowledge, as reflected in their intuitions and the philosophical literature, substantially diverges from that of other academics and the general public.
  • The study highlights a significant difference in epistemic intuitions between philosophers and the broader academic and lay communities.