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Neuro-Sjögren: Uncommon or underestimated problem?

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Peripheral neuropathies are common in Sjögren's syndrome (SS) patients, affecting 72% in this study. Early recognition of neurological symptoms is crucial, as they can appear before other signs of this autoimmune disease.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Rheumatology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a chronic autoimmune disease.
  • SS can lead to complications affecting the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and central nervous system (CNS).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of peripheral neuropathies in patients with SS.
  • To describe the clinical characteristics (phenotype) of these neuropathies.

Main Methods:

  • Fifty patients with primary SS were evaluated.
  • Included neurological and rheumatological examinations.
  • Nerve conduction studies (NCS) were performed on nine peripheral nerves.

Main Results:

  • 72% of patients (36 out of 50) met diagnostic criteria for neuropathy.
  • Carpal tunnel syndrome was the most frequent diagnosis (54%).
  • Axonal sensorimotor neuropathy was diagnosed in 22% of patients.
  • In 8 patients, neurological symptoms appeared before the SS diagnosis.

Conclusions:

  • Peripheral neuropathies are a frequent complication of SS.
  • Neurologists should consider autoimmune conditions like SS as a potential cause of neuropathy.
  • Neuropathy symptoms may be an early indicator of SS, preceding other disease manifestations.