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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Psychopathology
  • Personality Science

Background:

  • Positive schizotypy involves unusual perceptual experiences and magical beliefs, correlating with schizotypal personality disorder symptoms.
  • Openness to experience is linked to genetic risk for schizophrenia, suggesting a potential connection with positive schizotypy.
  • Previous research has shown inconsistent associations between positive schizotypy and openness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if associations between positive schizotypy and openness are stronger when using measures sensitive to the maladaptively high end of openness.
  • To examine if distinct facets of openness show varying associations with positive schizotypy.

Main Methods:

  • Participants (n=672) completed the Big Five Aspects Scale (BFAS) and the Experiential Permeability Index (EPI) to measure openness.
  • Item response theory analyses were employed to assess measure sensitivity and facet-specific associations.
  • Statistical analyses examined the relationship between positive schizotypy and different aspects of openness.

Main Results:

  • Associations between positive schizotypy and the BFAS measure of openness were small.
  • One facet of the EPI Oddity subscale was more sensitive to the maladaptively high end of openness and showed a stronger association with positive schizotypy.
  • Positive schizotypy was particularly associated with a second facet of the EPI Oddity subscale.

Conclusions:

  • The study supports the hypothesis that associations between positive schizotypy and openness are enhanced when assessing the extreme ranges of openness.
  • Specific facets of openness, particularly those related to unusual experiences, are more strongly linked to positive schizotypy.
  • Findings suggest a nuanced relationship between positive schizotypy and openness, dependent on the specific measurement approach and facets considered.