Hydraulic structure design and downhole flow field optimization of geophysical drill bits in a limestone stratum

The hydraulic structure of conventional geophysical drill bit is designed for the general stratum. When conventional geophysical drill bit pierces into a limestone stratum, the shape of cuttings is large because of the high brittleness of limestone. The cuttings are ground repeatedly; this phenomenon can reduce drilling efficiency and increase drilling costs. According to the characteristics of limestone cuttings, the numerical simulation method is used to research downhole flow field characteristics of conventional geophysical drill bit. First, the influence of key hydraulic structure parameters on cuttings removal performance is found. Then, the hydraulic structure is optimized. The flow field characteristics of the hydraulic structure of the geophysical drill bit before and after optimization in the flow path is analyzed, at the bottom of the bit and the annulus area of the shaft lining. The optimized downhole crossflow area increased from 50% to 98%. No vortex was observed at the exit of the flow path and cuttings groove. The downhole pressure gradient increased from 0.12 Mpa to 0.15 Mpa. The cutting removal space in the annulus area of the shaft lining is fully utilized. Field tests show that the cutting removal and drilling performance of optimized geophysical drill bit has improved and the drilling speed increases by 20.6%.