Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Oxygen Requirements and Growth Patterns01:29

Oxygen Requirements and Growth Patterns

1.0K
Microorganisms exhibit diverse oxygen requirements and growth patterns driven by their metabolic strategies and environmental adaptations. Oxygen, while essential for many organisms, can also be toxic under certain conditions, shaping how microorganisms grow and survive.Oxygen Requirements of MicroorganismsMicroorganisms are classified based on their ability to use or tolerate oxygen:● Obligate aerobes like Mycobacterium tuberculosis need oxygen for energy production, as it serves as the...
1.0K
Oxygenic Photosynthesis01:26

Oxygenic Photosynthesis

577
Oxygenic photosynthesis is a fundamental process in which light energy is harnessed to drive the oxidation of water, leading to the production of molecular oxygen (O₂), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH). This process is essential for sustaining aerobic life on Earth and is primarily carried out by cyanobacteria, algae, and plants. The core of oxygenic photosynthesis lies in the thylakoid membranes, where chlorophyll pigments facilitate...
577
Redox Equilibria: Overview01:23

Redox Equilibria: Overview

1.4K
A reduction-oxidation reaction is commonly called a redox reaction. In a redox reaction, electrons are transferred from one species to another rather than being shared between or among atoms. The reducing agent or reductant is the species that loses electrons and gets oxidized in the process. The species that gains electrons and gets reduced in the process is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Redox reactions are represented as two separate equations called half-reactions, where one equation...
1.4K
Redox Titration: Other Oxidizing and Reducing Agents01:26

Redox Titration: Other Oxidizing and Reducing Agents

1.3K
Besides iodine, other oxidizing or reducing agents can serve as titrants in redox titrations. Common oxidizing titrants include KMnO4, cerium(IV), and K2Cr2O7. The choice of oxidizing titrants depends on factors like stability, cost, analyte strength, and reaction rate between the analyte and titrant. KMnO4 is a strong oxidizing titrant that reduces from Mn(VII) to Mn(II) in a highly acidic solution, simultaneously oxidizing the analyte to a higher oxidation state. In this case, KMnO4 acts as a...
1.3K
Balancing Redox Equations02:58

Balancing Redox Equations

60.9K
Electrochemistry is the science involved in the interconversion of electrical and chemical reactions. Such reactions are called reduction-oxidation, or redox reactions. These important reactions are defined by changes in oxidation states for one or more reactant elements and include a subset of reactions involving the transfer of electrons between reactant species. Electrochemistry as a field has evolved to yield sufficient insights on the fundamental principles of redox chemistry and multiple...
60.9K
Oxidative Cleavage of Alkenes: Ozonolysis01:46

Oxidative Cleavage of Alkenes: Ozonolysis

12.5K
In ozonolysis, ozone is used to cleave a carbon–carbon double bond to form aldehydes and ketones, or carboxylic acids, depending on the work-up.
Ozone is a symmetrical bent molecule stabilized by a resonance structure.
12.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

High-throughput production of microbatteries by a stack-punching method.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

A Radial Modulus-Gradient Fiber for Chronic Recording and Decoding in Deep Brain.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2026
Same author

Drawn-on-skin electronic tattoo as a closed-loop sensing-stimulation system for the muscles.

Science advances·2026
Same author

Synergistic sulfur-chlorine battery chemistry towards efficient energy storage.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Fibre integrated circuits by a multilayered spiral architecture.

Nature·2026
Same author

Cobalt-Backboned Oligomer for Record Photocatalytic CO<sub>2</sub> Conversion to Ethanol.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 17, 2025

Preparation of Free-Surface Hyperbolic Water Vortices
04:35

Preparation of Free-Surface Hyperbolic Water Vortices

Published on: July 28, 2023

3.5K

Boosting Neutral Water Oxidation through Surface Oxygen Modulation.

Longsheng Zhang1, Liping Wang1, Yunzhou Wen1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|June 26, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Calcium ions enhance ruthenium-iridium oxide catalysts for efficient neutral oxygen evolution reaction (OER). This breakthrough improves performance in microbial electrolysis and CO2 reduction, offering stable and effective electrocatalysis.

Keywords:
electrocatalysiskineticsneutral electrolytesoxygen evolution reaction

More Related Videos

Creating Rapid Oxygen Oscillations in Microbial Single-cell Growth Analysis using a Microfluidic Double-layer Device
08:28

Creating Rapid Oxygen Oscillations in Microbial Single-cell Growth Analysis using a Microfluidic Double-layer Device

Published on: July 18, 2025

399
Laboratory Simulation of an IronII-rich Precambrian Marine Upwelling System to Explore the Growth of Photosynthetic Bacteria
09:45

Laboratory Simulation of an IronII-rich Precambrian Marine Upwelling System to Explore the Growth of Photosynthetic Bacteria

Published on: July 24, 2016

12.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 17, 2025

Preparation of Free-Surface Hyperbolic Water Vortices
04:35

Preparation of Free-Surface Hyperbolic Water Vortices

Published on: July 28, 2023

3.5K
Creating Rapid Oxygen Oscillations in Microbial Single-cell Growth Analysis using a Microfluidic Double-layer Device
08:28

Creating Rapid Oxygen Oscillations in Microbial Single-cell Growth Analysis using a Microfluidic Double-layer Device

Published on: July 18, 2025

399
Laboratory Simulation of an IronII-rich Precambrian Marine Upwelling System to Explore the Growth of Photosynthetic Bacteria
09:45

Laboratory Simulation of an IronII-rich Precambrian Marine Upwelling System to Explore the Growth of Photosynthetic Bacteria

Published on: July 24, 2016

12.2K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Efficient electrocatalysts for neutral pH oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are vital for energy applications like microbial electrolysis cells and electrochemical CO2 reduction.
  • Current neutral OER catalysts exhibit sluggish kinetics and high overpotentials compared to acidic or alkaline counterparts due to limited reactant adsorption.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an efficient electrocatalyst for neutral pH oxygen evolution reaction (OER) by incorporating calcium ions (Ca2+) into Ru-Ir binary oxide.
  • To tailor the surface oxygen environment of Ru-Ir oxide for enhanced OER kinetics in neutral electrolytes.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of ternary Ru-Ir-Ca oxides using a sol-gel method for atomic homogeneity.
  • Electrocatalytic performance evaluation on a glassy carbon electrode.
  • In situ characterization using X-ray absorption spectroscopy and 18O isotope-labeling techniques (DEMS and SIMS).

Main Results:

  • The RuIrCaO x catalyst achieved 10 mA cm-2 at a low overpotential of 250 mV in neutral electrolyte.
  • The catalyst demonstrated excellent stability, with no degradation observed over 200 hours of operation.
  • Ca2+ incorporation enhanced metal-oxygen bond covalency, increased the electrophilic nature of oxygen sites, and facilitated water adsorption.

Conclusions:

  • Incorporation of Ca2+ into Ru-Ir oxide significantly boosts neutral oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance.
  • The enhanced performance is attributed to a facilitated lattice-oxygen-involved reaction mechanism.
  • The developed RuIrCaO x catalyst shows great promise for applications requiring efficient neutral OER.