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Hand hygiene

Hand hygiene

Asepsis is the practice of preventing or breaking the chain of infection. The nurse employs aseptic techniques to prevent the spread of microorganisms and reduce the risk of diseases. Hand hygiene is the cornerstone of aseptic techniques and is classified into medical and surgical asepsis. Medical asepsis includes hand hygiene and the use of gloves. Surgical asepsis, or the sterile technique, refers to practices that render and keep objects and areas free of microorganisms.
Hand washing...

Skin Diseases and Disorders

Skin Diseases and Disorders

Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...

Handwashing II: Pre-procedure and Initial Procedure Steps

Handwashing II: Pre-procedure and Initial Procedure Steps

The pre-procedure steps of handwashing include removing jewelry and rolling up sleeves. However, many organizations allow staff to wear wedding rings.
The hand washing procedure itself includes the following steps. First, cover cuts, if any, on hands with a waterproof dressing. Cuts and abrasions can become contaminated with bacteria hindering the ability to clean the area thoroughly. In addition, repeated hand washing can worsen an injury. The nails must be short and clean, without nail...

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

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Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...

Endocarditis I: Introduction

Endocarditis I: Introduction

Introduction:Endocarditis is the infection of the endocardium, the inner lining of the heart and its valves. When the heart muscle is involved, the condition is termed myocarditis, while an infection of the outer lining is called pericarditis. Infective endocarditis (IE) primarily affects the endocardium, where pathogens adhere to the valves or lining, forming vegetation that can lead to severe complications. Infective endocarditis occurs when microorganisms, usually bacteria from other body...

Muscles of the Forearm that Move the Hand and Fingers

Muscles of the Forearm that Move the Hand and Fingers

The muscles of the forearm that move the wrist, hand, and digits are numerous and diverse. They can be classified into two groups based on their location and function — the anterior and posterior compartment muscles.
Anterior Compartment
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Updated: Dec 17, 2025

Subcutaneous Infection of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus MRSA

Subcutaneous Infection of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus MRSA

Published on: February 9, 2011

Mycobacterial Infections in the Hand and Wrist.

Abdo Bachoura¹, David S Zelouf¹

¹The Philadelphia Hand to Shoulder Center, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, 834 Chestnut Street, Suite G114, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.

|June 27, 2020

Summary

Mycobacterial hand infections are rare and present subtly, often delaying diagnosis and treatment. Prompt management combines antibiotics and surgery for infection cure and function restoration.

Keywords:

Hand infection Leprosy Marinum Mycobacteria Tuberculosis

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Last Updated: Dec 17, 2025

Subcutaneous Infection of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus MRSA

Subcutaneous Infection of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus MRSA

Published on: February 9, 2011

Area of Science:

Infectious Diseases
Hand Surgery
Mycobacteriology

Background:

Mycobacterial hand infections are infrequent but pose diagnostic challenges due to their subtle, variable presentations.
These infections typically follow an indolent course, leading to significant delays in diagnosis and treatment.
Key pathogens include Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, atypical mycobacteria, and Mycobacterium leprae.

Purpose of the Study:

To summarize the clinical presentation, causative agents, and management strategies for mycobacterial hand infections.
To highlight the importance of early diagnosis and appropriate treatment for optimal outcomes.

Main Methods:

Review of literature on mycobacterial hand infections.
Analysis of clinical presentations, diagnostic approaches, and treatment outcomes.

Main Results:

Mycobacterial hand infections present with diverse and non-specific symptoms, complicating early identification.
Treatment necessitates a multi-modal approach, including prolonged antibiotic therapy and surgical intervention.
Reconstructive surgery is crucial for functional recovery after infection resolution.

Conclusions:

Early recognition and prompt, aggressive management are essential for treating mycobacterial hand infections.
A combination of medical and surgical interventions is required to achieve infection cure and restore hand function.