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Cranial and Spinal Meninges

Cranial and Spinal Meninges

The cranial and spinal meninges are complex protective structures surrounding the central nervous system (CNS), consisting of the brain and spinal cord. These meninges consist of the dura mater, the arachnoid mater, and the pia mater. They protect the CNS, provide structural support, and aid in circulating cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
Cranial Meninges
These meningeal layers cover the cranium. The dura mater is the outermost layer of cranial meninges. It is a thick and durable membrane of dense...

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Updated: Dec 17, 2025

Role of Diffusion MRI Tractography in Endoscopic Endonasal Skull Base Surgery

Role of Diffusion MRI Tractography in Endoscopic Endonasal Skull Base Surgery

Published on: July 5, 2021

Atypical meningiomas.

Rebecca Chen¹, Manish K Aghi¹

¹Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.

Handbook of Clinical Neurology

|June 27, 2020

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Atypical meningiomas, a distinct tumor type, present intermediate features between benign and malignant brain tumors. This review focuses on their clinical presentation, treatment, and outcomes, particularly recurrence rates after surgery and radiation.

Keywords:

Atypical meningioma Radiation Radiosurgery Skull base WHO grade II

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Last Updated: Dec 17, 2025

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Published on: February 22, 2015

Area of Science:

Neurology
Neurosurgery
Oncology

Background:

Meningiomas are common primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors in adults.
They range from benign to malignant, with atypical meningiomas representing a distinct category with intermediate features.
Understanding atypical meningiomas is crucial due to their unpredictable behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the clinical features, treatment strategies, and outcomes of atypical meningiomas.
To analyze the impact of the extent of surgical resection on recurrence rates.
To evaluate the role of radiation therapy in managing atypical meningiomas.

Main Methods:

Review of clinical data and treatment outcomes for atypical meningiomas.
Analysis of recurrence rates based on gross total resection versus subtotal resection.
Assessment of the influence of adjuvant radiation therapy on long-term prognosis.

Main Results:

Atypical meningiomas exhibit variable clinical presentations and intermediate behavior.
Extent of resection significantly influences recurrence rates, with gross total resection associated with better outcomes.
Radiation therapy may play a role in managing residual or recurrent atypical meningiomas.

Conclusions:

Atypical meningiomas require careful management due to their potential for recurrence.
Maximizing surgical resection is a key factor in improving outcomes.
Further research is needed to optimize treatment protocols for atypical meningiomas.