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Coronary and Structural Heart Disease Interventions During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Road Map for Clinicians and Health
Kishore J Harjai1, Shikhar Agarwal2, Terry Bauch1
1Geisinger Wyoming Valley Hospital, Wilkes-Barre, PA, United States of America.
Insights
COVID-19 necessitated workflow changes in cath labs. Physician surveys informed guidelines for managing coronary artery disease and structural heart disease patients, prioritizing safety and optimizing care during the pandemic.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Interventional Cardiology
- Public Health
Background:
- The COVID-19 pandemic significantly disrupted standard cath lab operations.
- Cath labs faced challenges in managing both elective and urgent cardiac procedures.
Purpose of the Study:
- To address COVID-19 concerns in interventional and structural heart disease patient management.
- To develop system-wide criteria for deferring cardiac procedures during the pandemic.
Main Methods:
- A survey of 16 physicians across 3 hospitals was conducted.
- The survey focused on COVID-19 related concerns and management strategies.
Main Results:
- Key concerns included patient and staff protection from COVID-19, pre-procedure testing, and clear communication.
- Guidelines were formulated for managing ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), stable angina, acute coronary syndromes, transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI), percutaneous mitral valve repair (pMVR), left atrial appendage closure (LAAC), and patent foramen ovale (PFO)/atrial septal defect (ASD) closure.
Conclusions:
- Physician consensus provided concise guidelines for managing coronary artery disease (CAD) and structural heart disease during the early COVID-19 pandemic.
- These guidelines aimed to balance patient safety with the need for timely cardiac interventions.
Background:
Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, cath labs have had to modify their workflow for elective and urgent patients.
Methods:
We surveyed 16 physicians across 3 hospitals in our healthcare system to address COVID-19 related concerns in the management of interventional and structural heart disease patients, and to formulate system wide criteria for deferring cases till after the pandemic.
Results:
Our survey yielded common concerns centered on the need to protect patients, cath lab staff and physicians from unnecessary exposure to COVID-19; for COVID-19 testing prior to arrival to the cath lab; for clear communication between the referring physician and the interventionalist; but there was initial uncertainty among physicians regarding the optimal management of ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI; percutaneous coronary intervention versus thrombolytics). Patients with stable angina and hemodynamically stable acute coronary syndromes were deemed suitable for initial medical management, except when they had large ischemic burden. Most transcatheter aortic valve implantations (TAVI) were felt appropriate for postponement except in symptomatic patients with aortic valve area <0.5 cm2 or recent hospitalization for heart failure (HF). Most percutaneous mitral valve repair (pMVR) procedures were felt appropriate for postponement except in patients with HF. All left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) and patent foramen ovale (PFO)/atrial septal defect (ASD) closure procedures were felt appropriate for postponement.
Conclusion:
Our survey of an experienced team of clinicians yielded concise guidelines to direct the management of CAD and structural heart disease patients during the initial phases of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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