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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism

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Geriatric patients show significant variation in how their bodies process medications, which can change how effective and safe treatments are. The liver is the primary organ where drug metabolism occurs, involving two main types of chemical reactions: phase I and II. Phase I metabolism is driven by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, which includes key types such as CYP3A, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9. Research indicates that while aging doesn't notably alter the levels or activity of these enzymes, it...
129
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution01:00

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution

120
Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are...
120
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption01:22

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

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As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
145
Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

131
Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
131
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion

172
In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...
172
Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System III: Serum Lipid Profile01:25

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System III: Serum Lipid Profile

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Understanding serum lipids is crucial for maintaining cardiovascular health and preventing heart disease and stroke.
Serum lipids are fats and fatty substances in the blood and are crucial for various bodily functions, including energy storage, cellular structure, and hormone production. Serum lipids consist of cholesterol, triglycerides, and phospholipids.
Cholesterol is a soft, fat-like substance found in all body cells. It is crucial for producing hormones, vitamin D, and substances that aid...
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Assessing Whole-Body Lipid-Handling Capacity in Mice
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Aging and plasma triglyceride metabolism.

Kathryn M Spitler1, Brandon S J Davies2

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, and Obesity Research and Education Initiative, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242.

Journal of Lipid Research
|June 27, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Aging increases metabolic disease risk. Age-related changes in triglyceride (TG) metabolism, like higher TG levels and reduced clearance, may drive these diseases, necessitating further research for therapeutic strategies.

Keywords:
adipose tissuechylomicronsinflammationlipolysislipoprotein lipaselipoprotein metabolismmetabolic syndromeobesity

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Metabolic Medicine
  • Lipid Metabolism

Background:

  • Metabolic diseases such as insulin resistance, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome are increasingly prevalent with age.
  • Altered plasma triglyceride (TG) metabolism and fatty acid partitioning significantly contribute to metabolic disease development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review age-induced alterations in plasma TG metabolism.
  • To explore the contribution of these metabolic changes to age-associated metabolic diseases.
  • To identify knowledge gaps and propose future research directions.

Main Methods:

  • This review synthesizes existing literature on age-related changes in TG metabolism in humans and rodents.
  • Data on plasma TG levels, postprandial TG clearance, lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity, adipose tissue lipolysis, and ectopic fat deposition were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Aging is associated with increased plasma TG levels and reduced postprandial TG clearance rates.
  • Key changes include reduced postheparin LPL activity, decreased adipose tissue lipolysis, and increased ectopic fat deposition.
  • Similar metabolic alterations are observed in aged rodents, supporting their use as models.

Conclusions:

  • Age-induced changes in TG metabolism are linked to increased risk of metabolic diseases.
  • Further mechanistic studies are crucial to elucidate the precise contribution of these alterations.
  • Understanding these mechanisms can inform therapeutic strategies for metabolic health in aging populations.