Hepatic neuroendocrine neoplasm: imaging patterns

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Radiology
• Hepatology

Background:

• Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are a diverse tumor group, with the liver frequently involved by metastases.
• Primary hepatic NENs are uncommon but present diagnostic challenges due to varied imaging appearances.

Purpose of the Study:

• To highlight the diagnostic challenges posed by primary hepatic NENs.
• To discuss the radiological features that aid in differentiating hepatic NENs from other liver lesions.
• To guide the investigation for extrahepatic primary sites in suspected metastatic NENs.

Main Methods:

• Review of radiological presentation forms of hepatic NENs.
• Analysis of imaging characteristics that suggest NENs in the differential diagnosis of liver lesions.

Main Results:

• Hepatic NENs exhibit a wide spectrum of radiological appearances.
• Specific imaging findings can elevate NENs in the differential diagnosis of liver lesions.
• Radiological assessment can prompt the search for an extrahepatic primary tumor.

Conclusions:

• Accurate radiological assessment is crucial for diagnosing primary hepatic NENs.
• Understanding the diverse imaging manifestations of NENs aids in differential diagnosis.
• Imaging plays a vital role in identifying primary sites for metastatic NENs.