Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region01:03

IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region

1.7K
IR spectra are divided into two main regions: the diagnostic region and the fingerprint region. The diagnostic region of the spectrum lies above 1500 cm−1. The absorptions resulting from single-bond vibrations of the N–H, C–H, and O–H stretch at higher wavenumbers and appear on the left side of the spectrum. The stretching absorptions of the C≡C and C≡N occur between 2100–2300 cm−1. In contrast, those arising from stretching absorptions of the...
1.7K
UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Molecular Electronic Transitions01:16

UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Molecular Electronic Transitions

2.5K
In Ultraviolet–Visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, the absorption of electromagnetic radiation is used to probe the electronic structure of molecules. This technique provides insights into molecular electronic transitions, particularly the movement of electrons between different molecular orbitals. Radiation is absorbed if the energy of the electromagnetic radiation passing through the molecule is precisely equal to the energy difference between the excited and ground states. During this...
2.5K
IR Frequency Region: X–H Stretching01:24

IR Frequency Region: X–H Stretching

1.3K
In IR spectroscopy, signals produced by the X−H bonds (such as C−H, O−H, or N−H) can be observed in the frequency range of  2700–4000 cm–1. The C−H stretching vibration forms sharp bands in the region 2850–3000 cm–1. The presence of the O−H stretching vibration leads to the forming of an absorption band in the frequency range 3650–3200 cm−1. At the same time, N−H stretching can be confirmed by absorption bands in...
1.3K
IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview01:24

IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview

4.2K
When Infrared (IR) radiation passes through a covalently bonded molecule, the bonds transition from lower to higher vibrational levels. The fundamental vibrational motions that result in infrared absorption can be classified as stretching or bending vibrations.
Stretching vibrations are vibrational motions that occur along the bond line, changing the bond length or distance between two bonded atoms. They are further distinguished as symmetric or asymmetric. In symmetric stretching, the...
4.2K
UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Woodward–Fieser Rules01:29

UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Woodward–Fieser Rules

27.7K
UV–Visible absorption spectra of conjugated dienes arise from the lowest energy π → π* transitions. The light-absorbing part of the molecule is called the chromophore, and the substituents directly attached to the chromophore are called auxochromes. A strong correlation exists between the absorption maxima, λmax, and the structure of a conjugated π system. The Woodward–Fieser rules predict the value of λmax for a given structure by adding the...
27.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

POINTER: study protocol for a phase 2b, randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel group dose-finding clinical study to evaluate the efficacy of RMC-035 on renal function and safety, in participants at high risk for kidney injury, following open-chest cardiac surgery.

Trials·2025
Same author

Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement and Percutaneous Coronary Intervention After Ozaki Procedure in Alagille Syndrome.

JACC. Case reports·2025
Same author

Preoperative Hyperlactatemia Predicts Mortality in Acute Stanford Type A Dissection: A 16-Year-Period, Single-Center, Retrospective Study.

Journal of clinical medicine·2025
Same author

Transatlantic analysis of patient profiles and mid-term survival after isolated coronary artery bypass grafting: a head-to-head comparison between the European DuraGraft Registry and the US STS Registry.

Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine·2024
Same author

Efficacy and safety of therapeutic alpha-1-microglobulin RMC-035 in reducing kidney injury after cardiac surgery: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, parallel group, phase 2a trial.

EClinicalMedicine·2024
Same author

Optimal distribution of VLBI transmitters in the Galileo space segment for frame ties.

Earth, planets, and space : EPS·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 17, 2025

High-Throughput Analysis of Optical Mapping Data Using ElectroMap
07:36

High-Throughput Analysis of Optical Mapping Data Using ElectroMap

Published on: June 4, 2019

9.9K

VMF3o: the Vienna Mapping Functions for optical frequencies.

Janina Boisits1,2, Daniel Landskron1,3, Johannes Böhm1

  • 1Department of Geodesy and Geoinformation, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria.

Journal of Geodesy
|June 27, 2020
PubMed
Summary

A new troposphere delay model, Vienna Mapping Functions 3 for optical frequencies (VMF3o), improves satellite laser ranging accuracy. It includes horizontal gradients and wavelength corrections, reducing errors for precise geodetic products.

Keywords:
Horizontal gradientsMapping functionsSLRTroposphere

More Related Videos

High Speed Sub-GHz Spectrometer for Brillouin Scattering Analysis
13:31

High Speed Sub-GHz Spectrometer for Brillouin Scattering Analysis

Published on: December 22, 2015

15.5K
Measurement of Quantum Interference in a Silicon Ring Resonator Photon Source
12:19

Measurement of Quantum Interference in a Silicon Ring Resonator Photon Source

Published on: April 4, 2017

8.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 17, 2025

High-Throughput Analysis of Optical Mapping Data Using ElectroMap
07:36

High-Throughput Analysis of Optical Mapping Data Using ElectroMap

Published on: June 4, 2019

9.9K
High Speed Sub-GHz Spectrometer for Brillouin Scattering Analysis
13:31

High Speed Sub-GHz Spectrometer for Brillouin Scattering Analysis

Published on: December 22, 2015

15.5K
Measurement of Quantum Interference in a Silicon Ring Resonator Photon Source
12:19

Measurement of Quantum Interference in a Silicon Ring Resonator Photon Source

Published on: April 4, 2017

8.7K

Area of Science:

  • Geodesy and Geophysics
  • Atmospheric Science
  • Optical Physics

Background:

  • The troposphere is a significant error source in space geodetic techniques.
  • Accurate troposphere delay models are crucial for high-quality geodetic products like reference frames and satellite orbits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Introduce a new troposphere delay model for Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR): Vienna Mapping Functions 3 for optical frequencies (VMF3o).
  • Incorporate linear horizontal gradients into the standard SLR analysis.
  • Provide a method to adapt the model for various wavelengths used in SLR.

Main Methods:

  • Model parameters derived from ray-traced delays using in-house software.
  • Development of VMF3o including zenith delays, mapping functions, and linear horizontal gradients.
  • Creation of a correction formula to adjust VMF3o parameters for wavelengths between 350 and 1064 nm.

Main Results:

  • The VMF3o correction formula accurately approximates slant delays at different wavelengths, with errors of only a few millimeters at 1064 nm and low elevation angles.
  • Comparison shows mean absolute errors of a few millimeters at low elevation angles and at the 1 mm level at higher elevation angles.
  • Inclusion of linear horizontal gradients reduced the mean absolute error by over 80% for low elevation angles.

Conclusions:

  • VMF3o offers a significant improvement for tropospheric delay modeling in SLR.
  • The model's ability to handle various wavelengths and incorporate horizontal gradients enhances the accuracy of geodetic products.
  • The inclusion of horizontal gradients is particularly beneficial for improving accuracy at low elevation angles.