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Related Concept Videos

Gross Anatomy of the Liver01:17

Gross Anatomy of the Liver

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The liver, the largest gland within the human body, is a firm and reddish-brown organ. This wedge-shaped structure weighs approximately 1.5 kg and occupies a significant portion of the right hypochondriac and epigastric regions. It extends more to the right of the body's midline than to the left.
Located under the diaphragm, the liver is almost entirely ensconced within the rib cage, providing it with substantial protection. Except for the superior most bare area, the liver's surface is...
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Liver Histology01:27

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The microscopic anatomy of the liver is a complex and intricate system that comprises numerous structural units known as liver lobules, each of which is comparable in size to a sesame seed. These hexagonal structures consist of plates of liver cells or hepatocytes, which are characterized by their versatility and abundance of cellular apparatus like rough and smooth ER, Golgi apparatus, peroxisomes, and mitochondria.
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Hepatic Portal System01:21

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The hepatic portal system, a critical part of our circulatory framework, transports nutrient-laden, deoxygenated blood from the gastrointestinal tract and spleen to the liver. This ingenious system plays an indispensable role in maintaining our body's metabolic equilibrium.
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Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
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Liver Regeneration01:24

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The liver is an important organ in vertebrates that plays an essential role in metabolism. It is also responsible for storing and redistributing nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats, and vitamins in the body. Additionally, the liver releases bile salts which are critical for digesting food and eliminating toxic metabolites from the body.
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The liver, an essential organ in the human body, performs over 200 vital functions that can be broadly categorized into metabolic, hematological, endocrine regulation, and bile production.
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"Liver-on-a-Chip" Cultures of Primary Hepatocytes and Kupffer Cells for Hepatitis B Virus Infection
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[CUP in the liver].

Iris Tischoff1, Andrea Tannapfel2

  • 1Institut für Pathologie,an den Universitätskliniken Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bürkle de la Camp-Platz 1, 44789, Bochum, Deutschland. iris.tischoff@rub.de.

Der Pathologe
|June 27, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Cancer of unknown primary (CUP) syndrome frequently involves the liver. Immunohistochemistry and molecular tests aid in diagnosing liver CUP and identifying targets for personalized therapy.

Keywords:
AutopsyImmunhistochemistryLiver metastasasesMolecular examinationPersonalized targeted therapy

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Pathology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Hepatic involvement is a common manifestation of cancer of unknown primary (CUP) syndrome.
  • Carcinomas and malignant melanomas are the most frequent secondary liver neoplasms.
  • Adenocarcinomas from the digestive system, and breast and lung carcinomas are common primary sources.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the diagnostic challenges and strategies for hepatic cancer of unknown primary (CUP).
  • To emphasize the role of advanced diagnostic techniques in managing liver CUP.
  • To underscore the importance of identifying druggable targets for personalized therapy in CUP.

Main Methods:

  • Hepatic CUP diagnosis relies on excluding other causes (exclusion diagnosis).
  • Immunohistochemistry and molecular examinations are crucial for histopathological diagnosis.
  • These methods help identify the tissue of origin and potential primary tumors.

Main Results:

  • Immunohistochemistry and molecular tests are vital for accurate diagnosis of liver CUP.
  • These techniques can identify specific molecular targets.
  • This information is essential for guiding personalized targeted therapy.

Conclusions:

  • Hepatic CUP is a complex diagnosis requiring exclusion of known primaries.
  • Immunohistochemistry and molecular analysis are indispensable tools in diagnosing and managing liver CUP.
  • Identifying druggable targets through these methods facilitates personalized treatment strategies in interdisciplinary management.