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Related Concept Videos

The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
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The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
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Cellular needs and conditions vary from cell to cell and change within individual cells over time. For example, the required enzymes and energetic demands of stomach cells are different from those of fat storage cells, skin cells, blood cells, and nerve cells. Furthermore, a digestive cell works much harder to process and break down nutrients during the time that closely follows a meal compared with many hours after a meal. As these cellular demands and conditions vary, so do the amounts and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 17, 2025

Extraction of Aqueous Metabolites from Cultured Adherent Cells for Metabolomic Analysis by Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry
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Metabolism in the Tumor Microenvironment.

Francesca Montenegro1, Stefano Indraccolo2

  • 1Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|June 27, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Cancer cells and stroma exhibit distinct metabolic changes, engaging in competition or symbiosis within solid tumors. Understanding tumor metabolism complexity is crucial for developing effective drug targeting strategies.

Keywords:
AngiogenesisGlucoseGlutamineGlycolysisHypoxiaImmune cellLactateLipidsMetabolic competitionMetabolic symbiosisMetabolismMicroenvironmentOXPHOSStromaTumor

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Cancer Metabolism
  • Tumor Microenvironment

Background:

  • Solid tumors involve complex interactions between cancer cells, stromal cells, and the extracellular matrix (ECM).
  • Metabolic alterations in cancer and stromal cells are key features of the tumor microenvironment.
  • Interactions between tumor and stromal metabolism can manifest as competition or symbiosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of canonical metabolic alterations in tumor and stroma cells.
  • To present examples of metabolic competition and symbiosis within the tumor microenvironment.
  • To discuss the challenges in targeting tumor metabolism due to its complexity and plasticity.

Main Methods:

  • Review of established knowledge on cancer cell and stromal metabolism.
  • Analysis of specific examples illustrating metabolic interactions.
  • Discussion of current techniques for studying tumor metabolism and their limitations.

Main Results:

  • Cancer and stromal cells have distinct metabolic profiles that influence tumor progression.
  • Metabolic competition and symbiosis are critical interaction modes within the tumor microenvironment.
  • The plasticity of tumor metabolism complicates the development of targeted therapies.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the intricate metabolic crosstalk between cancer and stromal cells is essential for effective cancer treatment.
  • Novel approaches are needed to overcome limitations in current methods for studying tumor metabolism.
  • Targeting tumor metabolism holds promise for patient management and therapeutic strategies.