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The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

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Multiple Dynamics in Tumor Microenvironment Under Radiotherapy.

Jie Huang1, Jian Jian Li2,3

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Radiotherapy (RT) and immunotherapy (IT) combination shows promise for cancer treatment. Understanding the irradiated tumor microenvironment (ITME), including cancer stem cells and metabolism, is key to improving RT-IT efficacy.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Radiation Oncology
  • Cancer Immunology

Background:

  • The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex ecosystem of cells and non-cellular components.
  • Radiotherapy (RT) induces adaptive responses within the TME, influencing treatment efficacy.
  • Combining RT with immunotherapy (IT) is a growing area of cancer treatment research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the molecular mechanisms underlying the irradiated tumor microenvironment (ITME).
  • To elucidate the interplay between RT-induced metabolic reprogramming and immune regulation in the TME.
  • To provide an integrated view of the ITME for enhancing RT-IT strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of current research on ITME.
  • Focus on radiation-repopulated cancer stem cells (CSCs).
  • Analysis of hypoxia, re-oxygenation, metabolic reprogramming, and immune regulation in the ITME.

Main Results:

  • RT significantly alters the TME, impacting treatment outcomes.
  • Metabolic reprogramming and immune modulation are critical components of the ITME.
  • Understanding these factors is essential for optimizing combined RT-IT therapies.

Conclusions:

  • Further research into the mechanistic insights of radiation effects on tumor and stromal cells is needed.
  • Identifying critical molecular pathways, such as CSC repopulation and metabolic rewiring, will enhance RT-IT benefits.
  • This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the ITME to guide physicians and researchers.