The Immunoglobulin Superfamily Receptome Defines Cancer-Relevant Networks Associated with Clinical Outcome

Cell surface receptors and their interactions play a central role in physiological and pathological signaling. Despite its clinical relevance, the immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) remains uncharacterized and underrepresented in databases. Here, we present a systematic extracellular protein map, the IgSF interactome. Using a high-throughput technology to interrogate most single transmembrane receptors for binding to 445 IgSF proteins, we identify over 500 interactions, 82% previously undocumented, and confirm more than 60 receptor-ligand pairs using orthogonal assays. Our study reveals a map of cell-type-specific interactions and the landscape of dysregulated receptor-ligand crosstalk in cancer, including selective loss of function for tumor-associated mutations. Furthermore, investigation of the IgSF interactome in a large cohort of cancer patients identifies interacting protein signatures associated with clinical outcome. The IgSF interactome represents an important resource to fuel biological discoveries and a framework for understanding the functional organization of the surfaceome during homeostasis and disease, ultimately informing therapeutic development.