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Are Medicare wellness visits improving outcomes?

Susan Watkins1, Kim Schafer Astroth, MyoungJin Kim

  • 1Mennonite College of Nursing, Illinois State University, Normal, IL.

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Summary

Medicare wellness visits (MWVs) are underused by beneficiaries. Current evidence quality is low, hindering understanding of their impact on health outcomes and preventive care utilization.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Preventive Medicine
  • Health Services Research

Background:

  • The growing Medicare beneficiary population faces high chronic disease rates linked to lifestyle behaviors.
  • Unhealthy lifestyles negatively impact quality of life and strain healthcare resources.
  • Despite the Affordable Care Act's provision of free wellness visits since 2011, utilization remains low.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the evidence on the efficacy of Medicare wellness services.
  • To evaluate the quality, level, and strength of evidence concerning health outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Adherence to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.
  • Analysis of 21 research-based articles.
  • Assessment of study quality, rigor, and generalizability.

Main Results:

  • Included studies exhibited low research quality and rigor.
  • Evidence for the causal impact of Medicare wellness visits (MWVs) on health promotion outcomes is lacking.
  • Research primarily focuses on preventive care utilization rather than direct health outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • The current evidence base is insufficient to establish the efficacy of MWVs on patient health outcomes.
  • Further research is needed to understand how MWVs influence health promotion outcomes.
  • Primary care providers should investigate the effectiveness of MWVs for the Medicare population to reduce chronic disease and healthcare costs.