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The kidneys are intricate organs with millions of working units known as nephrons. Each nephron features two major structures: the renal corpuscle, which facilitates blood plasma filtration, and the renal tubule, which handles the glomerular filtrate. Blood supply is directly linked to the nephrons. The renal corpuscle consists of the glomerulus, a capillary network, and the Bowman's capsule, a double-walled epithelial structure that encases the glomerulus. The filtering of blood plasma...
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The nursing assessment of the genitourinary (GU) system involves a systematic inspection and palpation to identify abnormalities in the kidneys, bladder, and surrounding structures.InspectionMouth: Inspect for signs of kidney dysfunction, such as stomatitis (inflammation of the mouth) and ammonia breath, which may occur in advanced kidney disease due to the buildup of urea, breaking down into ammonia.Skin: Check for pallor, which could indicate anemia caused by kidney disease. Look for...
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Renal Corpuscle01:20

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The glomerulus and Bowman's capsule are two essential components of the nephron, which is the functional unit of the kidney. These microscopic structures play a critical role in the process of blood filtration to produce urine.
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External Anatomy of the Kidney01:21

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The kidneys are a pair of bean-shaped organs in the human body that play a critical role in maintaining overall health. They filter out waste products from the blood, regulate blood pressure, maintain electrolyte balance, and stimulate the production of red blood cells.
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Anatomy of the Genitourinary System I: Kidneys and Ureters01:11

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The upper urinary system comprises two kidneys and two ureters, which are crucial in filtering blood and forming urine.KidneysLocation and Structure:The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs positioned behind the peritoneum on either side of the spine.Kidneys are between the 12th thoracic (T12) and the 3rd lumbar (L3) vertebrae.The position of the liver causes the right kidney to sit slightly lower than the left.Protective Layers:Each kidney is enveloped in a tough, fibrous membrane called the...
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Updated: Dec 17, 2025

Author Spotlight: Developing a Bedside Protocol for Kidney and Genitourinary Ultrasonography
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A Nautilus kidney.

Bo-Sheng Wu1, Yang Ho2, Chih-Yu Yang3,4,5,6,7

  • 1Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.

Clinical and Experimental Nephrology
|June 28, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A rare case of pyonephrosis in an end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patient is presented. The CT scan findings in this atrophic kidney resembled a Nautilus shell, highlighting the severity of the condition.

Keywords:
Atrophic kidneyESRDPyonephrosis

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Radiology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • This case involves a 71-year-old female patient with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on chronic dialysis.
  • The patient had a history of cervical cancer treated with radiation therapy.

Observation:

  • The patient presented with unilateral flank pain and sepsis.
  • Computed tomography (CT) revealed left-sided hydronephrosis.
  • Percutaneous nephrotomy drainage yielded pus-like material, confirming pyonephrosis.

Findings:

  • A diagnosis of grade IVB hydronephrosis was made, attributed to an extremely atrophic kidney, pyonephrosis, and ureteral stricture.
  • The ureteral stricture was a sequela of prior radiation injury.
  • The CT appearance of the pyonephrotic atrophic kidney was likened to a Nautilus shell cross-section.

Implications:

  • This case highlights a complex presentation of pyonephrosis in a patient with multiple comorbidities.
  • The unique CT imaging finding provides a memorable visual for severe renal atrophy and pyonephrosis.
  • Understanding such rare presentations is crucial for effective diagnosis and management in nephrology and radiology.