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Related Concept Videos

Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
792
Oppositional Defiant Disorder01:30

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

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A persistent pattern of angry or irritable mood, defiant behavior, or vindictiveness characterizes Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). Symptoms must occur over at least six months, involve interactions with individuals beyond siblings, and meet specific diagnostic criteria to be clinically significant. The disorder affects emotional regulation, social interactions, and behavior, often manifesting early in life and influencing long-term development and functioning.
Diagnostic Criteria and...
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Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder01:28

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

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Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental health condition characterized by recurrent obsessions, compulsions, or both, which consume significant time and interfere with daily functioning. Obsessions involve persistent, intrusive, and unwanted thoughts, images, or urges that evoke anxiety. Common examples include irrational fears of contamination or harm. Compulsions are repetitive behaviors or mental acts performed to reduce the anxiety caused by obsessions. For instance, individuals...
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Modeling in Therapy01:26

Modeling in Therapy

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Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
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Panic Disorder01:27

Panic Disorder

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Panic disorder is an anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent and sudden minutes-long episodes of intense fear, known as panic attacks. These attacks may feel like heart attacks and often happen without warning or a specific cause. They can include symptoms such as rapid heart rate, shortness of breath, chest pain, trembling, sweating, dizziness, and a sense of helplessness. During a panic attack, individuals may feel as though they are experiencing a heart attack or are in a...
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Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
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A Familiarization Protocol Facilitates the Participation of Children with ASD in Electrophysiological Research
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Autistic Disorder: A 20 Year Chronicle.

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  • 1Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, SC, USA.

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Long-term outcomes for individuals with Autistic Disorder show significant challenges, with most requiring lifelong support. However, future outcomes for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are expected to improve.

Keywords:
AutismAutistic disorderDiagnostic and statistical manualGeneticsLong term outcome

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Area of Science:

  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Autistic Disorder diagnosis in the past.
  • Limited understanding of genetic and environmental causes.
  • High comorbidity with intellectual disability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To trace the long-term outcomes of individuals diagnosed with Autistic Disorder.
  • To assess independence and educational attainment.
  • To project potential outcomes for current Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) diagnoses.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal study tracking 187 individuals (ages 3-21) with Autistic Disorder.
  • Data collection over 20 years (1995-1998 enrollment, 2014-2019 follow-up).
  • Analysis of genetic/environmental factors, intellectual disability, living situations, and postsecondary education.

Main Results:

  • Specific causes identified in a minority of cases.
  • 84% of individuals had coexisting intellectual disability.
  • 99% lived in supported settings; only 3.7% achieved postsecondary education.

Conclusions:

  • Individuals with Autistic Disorder in this cohort faced substantial long-term challenges.
  • Prognosis for current Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) diagnoses is anticipated to be more favorable.
  • Highlights the need for improved interventions and support for ASD.