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Related Concept Videos

Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

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Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a rare heart muscle disease characterized by impaired ventricular filling due to stiffened ventricular walls, leading to significant diastolic dysfunction.EtiologyRestrictive cardiomyopathy can arise from both inherited and acquired diseases, many of which are systemic. It is categorized into four main types: infiltrative, storage, non-infiltrative, and endomyocardial diseases.Infiltrative diseases, such as amyloidosis, lead to RCM by depositing amyloid...
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Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

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Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...
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Cardiomyopathy I: Introduction and Classification01:25

Cardiomyopathy I: Introduction and Classification

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Cardiomyopathy, or CMP, is a group of diseases affecting the myocardial structure, impairing its ability to pump blood effectively. This condition can lead to arrhythmias, heart failure, or sudden cardiac death.Cardiomyopathies are classified into primary and secondary categories:Primary Cardiomyopathy refers to conditions involving only the heart muscle that are often idiopathic (of unknown cause) or genetic. They primarily affect the myocardium without the involvement of other systemic...
381
Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy01:30

Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy

317
Dilated cardiomyopathy, or DCM, is a progressive myocardial disorder characterized by ventricular chamber dilation and contractile dysfunction.EtiologyVarious factors can cause DCM, including hypertension and heavy alcohol intake, which contribute to the weakening and enlargement of the heart muscle. Viral infections, such as Coxsackievirus B, adenoviruses, and influenza, can lead to DCM by causing inflammation and damage to heart tissue. Certain chemotherapeutic agents, including daunorubicin,...
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Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

314
Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
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Cardiomyopathy V: Interprofessional Care01:29

Cardiomyopathy V: Interprofessional Care

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Managing cardiomyopathy involves addressing underlying or precipitating causes, treating heart failure with medications, and implementing dietary changes and a balanced exercise and rest regimen.Lifestyle ModificationsCardiomyopathy patients should adopt a low-sodium diet to reduce fluid retention and manage heart failure. A personalized exercise and rest plan helps maintain physical fitness without overstraining the heart. Avoiding alcohol and tobacco is essential to prevent further damage to...
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Updated: Dec 17, 2025

Assessment of Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium Reserve and Intracellular Diastolic Calcium Removal in Isolated Ventricular Cardiomyocytes
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Cardiac Sarcoidosis.

David H Birnie1

  • 1Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.

Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
|June 28, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cardiac sarcoidosis affects 5% of patients, causing arrhythmias and heart failure. Despite challenges, modern treatments and early diagnosis significantly improve cardiac sarcoidosis survival rates.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Immunology
  • Pulmonology

Background:

  • Cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) affects 5% of sarcoidosis patients, presenting with arrhythmias, conduction abnormalities, or heart failure.
  • An additional 20-25% of patients have asymptomatic, clinically silent cardiac involvement.
  • Cardiac manifestations can be the initial presentation of sarcoidosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of cardiac sarcoidosis.
  • To highlight prognostic factors and survival rates in the current era of advanced therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature and clinical practice guidelines.
  • Discussion of diagnostic tools like positron emission tomography (PET) imaging.
  • Emphasis on device therapy, including implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs).

Main Results:

  • Left ventricular dysfunction is a key predictor of prognosis in clinically manifest CS.
  • Immunosuppression and device therapy are mainstays of management.
  • A Finnish nationwide study reported a 10-year cardiac survival of 92.5%.

Conclusions:

  • Prognosis for cardiac sarcoidosis has significantly improved due to earlier diagnosis and modern treatments.
  • Multidisciplinary management involving cardiology, pulmonology, and immunology is crucial.
  • Continued research is needed to optimize immunosuppressive strategies.