Effect modification of hyperlipidemia and hypertension on the association between type 2 diabetes and gout
Yi-Ching Tung1, Mei-Yueh Lee2, Yi-Chi Wang3
1Department of Public Health and Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
Aims:
We evaluated the association between type 2 diabetes and gout by a retrospective cohort study.
Methods:
Data of 17,259 male and 18,318 female patients with type 2 diabetes were retrieved for the 1998-2010 period. These patients were matched to a comparison group (n=34,518 and n=36,636, respectively) in a 1:2 ratio by age and region.
Results:
We found that patients with type 2 diabetes after adjustment for hyperlipidemia and hypertension had a lower risk of incident gout than the matched population (incidence rate ratio, men: 0.39 [95% CI: 0.36-0.42]; women: 0.78 [0.72-0.84]). Specifically, type 2 diabetes alone without hyperlipidemia and hypertension was associated with a reduced risk of incident gout in men (adjusted relative risk [RR]: 0.29, 95% CI: 0.22-0.39), but not in women (0.86, 95% CI: 0.55-1.36). We found that insulin users with hyperlipidemia and hypertension associated with risk of incident gout and no sex-specific differences were noted (adjusted RR, men: 1.28 [95% CI: 1.11-1.48]; women: 1.32 [95% CI: 1.14-1.53]). Specifically, insulin users alone without hyperlipidemia and hypertension were not statistically significantly associated with gout risk (P≥.0954).
Conclusions:
The results of this study indicated that hyperlipidemia and hypertension modified the association between type 2 diabetes and gout.
Related Concept Videos
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational
Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...
Pathophysiology of Diabetes
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Biguanides and Glitazones
Carbohydrate Metabolism
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in...


