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AES is a powerful analytical technique, especially effective when used with plasma sources, producing abundant spectra in characteristic emission lines. The Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), in particular, yields superior quantitative analytical data due to its high stability, low noise, low background, and minimal interferences under optimal experimental conditions. However, newer air-operated microwave sources are emerging as promising alternatives that could be more cost-effective than...
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Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) is an analytical technique used to determine the elemental composition of a sample by analyzing the light emitted from excited atoms. In AES, atoms in a sample are excited to higher energy levels by thermal energy from high-temperature sources, such as plasma, arcs, or sparks. When these excited atoms return to lower energy states, they emit light at specific wavelengths characteristic of each element. The resulting atomic emission spectrum, which consists of...
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Flame photometry, also known as flame emission spectrometry, is a technique used for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of elements present in a sample using a flame as the source of excitation energy. The concept of flame photometry was realized in the early 1860s by Kirchhoff and Bunsen, who discovered that specific elements emit characteristic radiation when excited in flames. The first instrument developed for this purpose was used to measure sodium (Na) in plant ash using a Bunsen...
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Volatilization gravimetry is an analytical technique that measures the mass lost due to the volatilization of the substance. This technique is used to estimate the amount of volatile material in a sample. To perform this method, heat a known amount of the sample to a high temperature in a crucible or other suitable vessel. The volatile substance in the sample evaporates, and the vapor is completely expelled from the crucible either by heating the sample or bubbling a stream of inert gas through...
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Atom Probe Tomography Analysis of Exsolved Mineral Phases
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Spectroscopic study of volcanic ashes.

Fabrizio Bardelli1, Gabriele Giuli2, Francesco Di Benedetto3

  • 1CNR-Nanotec, c/o Department of Physics, La Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5 - 00185 Roma, Italy.

Journal of Hazardous Materials
|June 29, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Volcanic ash contains iron (Fe) in various forms, influencing its environmental and health impacts. Understanding iron speciation in ash is crucial for risk assessment.

Keywords:
EPRExplosive eruptionGranulometryIron speciationVolcanic ashXAS

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Area of Science:

  • Geochemistry
  • Environmental Science
  • Mineralogy

Background:

  • Volcanic ashes undergo significant changes during eruptions, impacting environment and health.
  • Iron speciation, mineralogy, and granulometry in ashes and their water interactions are poorly understood.
  • Assessing iron oxidation state and Fe-bearing phases in volcanic plumes is vital for impact evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between iron speciation and mineralogical composition in volcanic ashes.
  • To determine the influence of particle granulometry on iron speciation.
  • To assess the formation of new Fe-bearing phases in volcanic plumes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a multi-technique approach including Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) and Fe K-edge X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS).
  • Employed conventional EPR, high field EPR (HFEPR), and EchoEPR for detailed iron analysis.
  • Analyzed ash samples collected from Mt. Etna (2013 eruption) based on granulometry.

Main Results:

  • Revealed a complex mineralogical assemblage in volcanic ashes.
  • Identified variable amounts of nanometric crystalline Fe inclusions within a glass matrix.
  • Detected the presence of Fe-oxides and Fe-sulfur phases, indicating complex iron speciation.

Conclusions:

  • Established a link between iron speciation, mineralogy, and granulometry in volcanic ashes.
  • Provided detailed information on iron oxidation state and coordination environment.
  • The findings contribute to a better risk assessment of volcanic ashes.