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Updated: Dec 17, 2025

Induction of Microstreaming by Nonspherical Bubble Oscillations in an Acoustic Levitation System
Published on: May 9, 2021
Beyond the speed of SOUND
1Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, 9th Floor (East), Pond Street, London, NW3 2QG, UK. muneer.ahmed@ucl.ac.uk.
Abstract:
Much anticipation awaits the results of the SOUND trial, (Gentilini and Veronesi in Breast 21:678-681, 2012) which may prove the futility of performing sentinel node biopsy (SNB) in low-risk breast cancer patients. However, do we really not know the answer to the questions that the SOUND trial poses already? Consideration must be taken of the very much overlooked trials predating the sentinel node era, which risk stratified patients according to the absence of palpable lymphadenopathy and without dependence upon ultrasound imaging (clinically negative axilla). This automatically selects a low-risk group of patients for axillary disease (low axillary burden) and the relevance of these critical trials is discussed.
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