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Review: Microglia in motor neuron disease.

B A Ashford1, D Boche2, J Cooper-Knock1

  • 1University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.

Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology
|June 29, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Motor Neuron Disease (MND) involves motor neuron loss. Microglia, the brain's immune cells, play a complex role in MND, potentially both harming and protecting neurons, necessitating further human study.

Keywords:
humansinflammationmicrogliamotor neuron disease

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Motor Neuron Disease (MND) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor neuron loss.
  • Activated microglia accumulate at sites of injury in MND, correlating with disease progression and clinical features.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the dual role of microglia in MND pathogenesis.
  • To examine both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory microglial responses in human and animal models.
  • To explore microglia as potential therapeutic targets for MND.

Main Methods:

  • Review of human post-mortem studies and animal models of MND.
  • Analysis of microglial activation and its correlation with disease progression.
  • Examination of both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory microglial functions.

Main Results:

  • Microglial activation is a common feature in MND, influencing disease progression.
  • Both beneficial and detrimental roles of microglia in MND have been observed.
  • Murine models present a complex and sometimes contradictory view of microglial responses.

Conclusions:

  • Microglia have a complex, multifaceted role in MND, acting as both contributors to and protectors against pathogenesis.
  • Further human-centric research is crucial to fully understand microglial involvement in MND.
  • Targeting microglial pathways offers potential for developing novel disease-modifying therapies for MND.