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Related Concept Videos

Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
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The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells02:53

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

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Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
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Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply01:24

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

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Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl...
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 17, 2025

Tumor Hypoxia Assessment: In Vivo 3D Oxygen Imaging Through Electron Paramagnetic Resonance
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Tumor Hypoxia Assessment: In Vivo 3D Oxygen Imaging Through Electron Paramagnetic Resonance

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Hypoxic tumor microenvironment: Implications for cancer therapy.

Sukanya Roy1, Subhashree Kumaravel1, Ankith Sharma1

  • 1Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Bryan, TX 77807, USA.

Experimental Biology and Medicine (Maywood, N.J.)
|June 30, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Hypoxia, or low oxygen, fuels tumor growth and resistance to cancer treatments. Understanding hypoxia

Keywords:
HIF1⍺Hypoxiaangiogenesiscancerchemoresistanceinflammationlymphangiogenesisradioresistancetumor microenvironment

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Cancer Biology
  • Tumor Microenvironment

Background:

  • Hypoxia is a critical factor in solid tumor progression.
  • It drives tumor aggressiveness and resistance to therapies.
  • Tumor hypoxia complicates treatment by altering metabolism and vasculature.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of hypoxia in the tumor microenvironment (TME).
  • To examine hypoxia-induced signaling and metabolic pathways in cancer.
  • To discuss hypoxia's impact on angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, and therapeutic resistance.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on hypoxia in cancer.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways.
  • Synthesis of data on metabolic and vascular changes.

Main Results:

  • Hypoxia significantly impacts cancer cell signaling and metabolism.
  • It promotes aberrant tumor vasculature, including angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis.
  • Hypoxia is a key mediator of resistance to cancer therapies.

Conclusions:

  • Targeting hypoxia-induced pathways is crucial for effective cancer treatment.
  • A deeper understanding of hypoxia's role in the TME is needed.
  • Addressing hypoxia may overcome therapeutic resistance in various cancers.