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Neuronal Networks in Hypertension: Recent Advances
Patrice G Guyenet1, Ruth L Stornetta1, George M P R Souza1
1From the Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (P.G.G., R.L.S., G.M.P.R.S., S.B.G.A.).
Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979)
|June 30, 2020
Summary
Neurogenic hypertension stems from overactive sympathetic nerves. This study explores brain regions and triggers causing this overactivity in animal models, offering insights into human hypertension.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Cardiovascular Physiology
- Hypertension Research
Background:
- Neurogenic hypertension is characterized by excessive sympathetic nerve activity.
- The arterial baroreflex and a novel cerebral blood flow-dependent reflex influence sympathetic activity.
- Dysfunctional sensory afferents and circulating hormones (leptin, angiotensin II) can also drive neurogenic hypertension.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine brain regions responsible for heightened sympathetic nerve activity in neurogenic hypertension models.
- To identify triggers for neuronal activity changes in these brain regions.
- To assess the relevance of findings to human hypertension.
Main Methods:
- Review of animal models of neurogenic hypertension.
- Analysis of brain regions influencing sympathetic nerve activity.
- Discussion of hormonal and sensory afferent contributions.
Main Results:
- Both baroreflex and cerebral blood flow-dependent reflexes converge on rostral medullary presympathetic neurons.
- Sensory afferent dysfunction and hormones like leptin and angiotensin II activate specific brain nuclei.
- Orexinergic neuron activity also contributes to hypertension in certain models.
Conclusions:
- Converging neural pathways in the brainstem and hypothalamus mediate excessive sympathetic activity in neurogenic hypertension.
- Understanding these central mechanisms is crucial for developing targeted therapies for hypertension.
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