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Updated: Dec 17, 2025

Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale
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Cognitive Function, Emotional and Behavioral Problems, and Temperament of Premature Children

Dong-Hyun Ahn1,2, Aran Min1, Kangryul Kim1

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.

Soa--Ch'Ongsonyon Chongsin Uihak = Journal of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
|June 30, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Preterm children show lower cognitive performance at age 5 compared to healthy peers. Slower growth in preterm infants is linked to decreased cognitive ability, highlighting the need for early intervention.

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Pediatrics
  • Neuroscience
  • Child Psychology

Background:

  • Preterm birth is a significant risk factor for neurodevelopmental challenges.
  • Early cognitive and behavioral assessments are crucial for identifying developmental trajectories.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare cognitive functioning and behavioral problem risk in preterm, neurodevelopmentally disordered, and healthy full-term children at age 5.
  • To investigate the relationship between growth patterns and cognitive abilities in preterm infants.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 47 preterm, 40 neurodevelopmentally disordered, and 80 healthy full-term children (age 5) were assessed.
  • Cognitive function was evaluated using the Korean Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence-4th edition (K-WPPSI-IV).
  • Behavioral problems and temperament were assessed using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI).

Main Results:

  • Preterm children scored significantly lower on the K-WPPSI-IV compared to healthy controls, but higher than the neurodevelopmentally disordered group.
  • No significant differences in cumulative Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) scores were found between preterm and control groups.
  • Preterm children exhibited higher Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) scores for reward dependence compared to controls.

Conclusions:

  • Cognitive performance in preterm infants at age 5 is lower than in healthy full-term infants.
  • An association exists between slower growth trajectories and diminished cognitive ability in preterm children.
  • Findings underscore the importance of monitoring neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm populations.
Abstract

Keywords:
Cognitive functionEmotional and behavioral problemsKorean Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of IntelligencePretermTemperament

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