Craniofacial, dental arch morphology, and characteristics in preschool children with mild obstructive sleep apnea

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Yu-Hsuan Lee1, Yu-Shu Huang2, I-Chia Chen2

  • 1Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.

Journal of Dental Sciences
|June 30, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Mild pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in preschoolers is linked to skeletal Class II patterns and increased overjet, but not dental arch constriction. Sleep disturbances and mood swings are also more common.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric dentistry
  • Sleep medicine
  • Craniofacial biology

Background:

  • Pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) can cause neurocognitive and behavioral issues.
  • Mild OSA may impact craniofacial and dental arch development in young children.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of mild OSA on craniofacial and dental arch morphology in preschool children.
  • To correlate OSA severity with specific craniofacial and dental arch characteristics.

Main Methods:

  • Compared 16 preschool children with mild OSA (mean AHI 2.02) to 10 controls.
  • Utilized lateral cephalometric radiographs and dental arch impressions for measurements.
  • Assessed quality of life and symptoms using the OSA-18 survey.

Main Results:

  • Mild OSA group showed increased ANB angle, decreased SNB angle, and larger overjet.
  • Children with mild OSA experienced more sleep disturbances and mood swings (OSA-18).
  • No significant dental arch constriction was observed in the mild OSA group.

Conclusions:

  • Preschoolers with mild OSA exhibit a skeletal Class II pattern, retrognathic mandible, and increased overjet.
  • Sleep and emotional symptoms are more prevalent in children with mild OSA.
  • Dental arch constriction is not a characteristic feature of mild OSA in this cohort of Asian preschoolers.
Abstract

Keywords:
Cephalometric analysisDental arch morphologyOSA-18Obstructive sleep apneaPreschool children

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