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Multi-Material 3D and 4D Printing: A Survey.

Mohammad Rafiee1, Rouhollah D Farahani1, Daniel Therriault1

  • 1Laboratory for Multiscale Mechanics Department of Mechanical Engineering Polytechnique Montreal Montreal Quebec H3T 1J4 Canada.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
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PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Multi-material 3D and 4D printing (time as the fourth dimension) enable functional, customized objects in a single step. This review compares technologies, highlighting applications and future opportunities for additive manufacturing.

Keywords:
3D printingadditive manufacturingbiomaterialsceramicsmetalsmulti‐material printingpolymers

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Manufacturing Engineering
  • Additive Manufacturing

Background:

  • Multi-material 3D and 4D printing extend design capabilities beyond complex geometries.
  • These additive manufacturing (AM) technologies allow for functional inclusion in low-cost, single-step processes.
  • Customized multi-functional objects can be created by combining various composite materials and AM technologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare different 3D and 4D printing technologies.
  • To discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each technology.
  • To review features and applications of multi-material 3D and 4D printing.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of various 3D and 4D printing technologies.
  • Review of existing literature on multi-material fabrication using AM.
  • Identification of current deficiencies and future opportunities in the field.

Main Results:

  • Additive manufacturing technologies offer significant potential for creating complex, multi-functional objects.
  • The choice of AM technology and composite materials impacts the final object's functionality and cost.
  • A comprehensive understanding of different technologies is crucial for effective application.

Conclusions:

  • Multi-material 3D and 4D printing represent a significant advancement in additive manufacturing.
  • Further research is needed to address current limitations and unlock future potential.
  • The development of new avenues for AM is essential for realizing the full capabilities of these technologies.