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Related Concept Videos

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To calculate the other physical quantities in kinematics, we must introduce the time variable. The time variable allows us not only to state the position of the object during its motion, but also how fast it is moving. The speed at which an object is moving is given by the rate at which the position changes with time. For each position xi, we assign a particular time ti. If the details of the motion at each instant are not important, the rate is usually expressed as the average velocity. This...
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Velocity and Position by Graphical Method01:34

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Velocity and position can be calculated from the known function of acceleration as a function of time. The total area under the acceleration-time graph and the velocity-time graph gives the change in velocity and position, respectively. In the case of an airplane, its acceleration is tracked using the inertial navigation system. The pilot provides the input of the airplane's initial position and velocity before takeoff. The inertial navigation system then uses the acceleration data to...
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Relative Velocity in One Dimension01:10

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The understanding of the concept of reference frames is essential to discuss relative motion in one or more dimensions. When we say that an object has a certain velocity, we must state the velocity with respect to a given reference frame. In most examples, this reference frame has been Earth. For instance, if a statement reads that a person is sitting in a train moving at 10 m/s east, then it implies that the person on the train is moving relative to the surface of Earth at this velocity,...
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Relative Velocity in Two Dimensions01:11

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Relative velocity is the velocity of an object as observed from a particular reference frame, or the velocity of one reference frame with respect to another reference frame. The concept of relative velocity can be used to describe motion in two dimensions. Consider a particle P and two reference frames S and S′. The position of the origin of S′ as measured in S is , the position of P as measured in S′ is , and the position of P as measured in S is , which can be evaluated by utilizing...
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A stroke engine has a slider-crank mechanism that converts rotational motion from the crank into linear motion of the slider or vice versa. This mechanism consists of three main parts: the crank, the connecting rod, and the slider.
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In everyday conversation, accelerating means speeding up. Acceleration is a vector in the same direction as the change in velocity, Δv, therefore the greater the acceleration, the greater the change in velocity over a given time. Since velocity is a vector, it can change in magnitude, direction, or both. Thus acceleration is a change in speed or direction, or both. For example, if a runner traveling at 10 km/h due east slows to a stop, reverses direction, and continues their run at 10 km/h...
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Updated: Dec 17, 2025

Effects of a Novel Neuromuscular Training Intervention on Jump, Sprint, and Change of Direction in Adult Female Soccer Players
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Interaction Between Age and Change in Velocity During a Baseball Training Program.

Christopher Antonacci1, Thomas R Atlee2, Peter N Chalmers3

  • 1Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, New York, New York, USA.

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine
|June 30, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Baseball training programs improve pitching velocity in adolescent males aged 10-17. Age did not significantly impact the velocity gains achieved through this lighter ball training program.

Keywords:
baseballelbowinjurypitchershouldervelocity

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Medicine
  • Biomechanics
  • Pediatric Sports Science

Background:

  • Pitching velocity is a key performance indicator in baseball.
  • The impact of age on pitching velocity gains from lighter ball training is not well-established.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between age and pitching velocity changes after a lighter ball training program.
  • To determine if age influences the magnitude of velocity improvement in adolescent pitchers.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort study involving 32 male baseball pitchers aged 10-17.
  • Pitchers were divided into three age groups and underwent a 15-week training program.
  • Pitch velocity was measured at four distinct time points throughout the program.

Main Results:

  • All age groups demonstrated increases in mean and maximum pitching velocity.
  • The percentage change in pitch velocity was similar across all age groups.
  • Training progression (session number) positively correlated with velocity increases, independent of age.

Conclusions:

  • Adolescent males of varying ages (10-17) experience similar pitching velocity improvements from lighter ball training.
  • Age is not a significant factor in determining the extent of velocity increase during this type of training program.