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Related Concept Videos

Mitochondria01:37

Mitochondria

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Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
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The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is the main energy generation system in the eukaryotic cells. However, mitochondria also produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the large electron flow during oxidative phosphorylation. While Complex I is one of the primary sources of superoxide radicals, ROS production by Complex II is uncommon and may only be observed in cancer cells with mutated complexes.
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Optically Improved Mitochondrial Function Redeems Aged Human Visual Decline.

Harpreet Shinhmar1, Manjot Grewal1, Sobha Sivaprasad1

  • 1Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, UK.

The Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences
|June 30, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Red light therapy can improve vision in older adults by boosting mitochondrial function. This 670-nm light enhances photoreceptor performance, aiding age-related vision decline.

Keywords:
AgingColor visionPhotobiomodulation

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Gerontology
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • Human populations are aging, leading to increased physical decline.
  • Mitochondria, crucial for cellular energy (adenosine triphosphate/ATP), decline with age.
  • The retina, with high photoreceptor energy demands, ages rapidly, showing a 70% ATP reduction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if 670-nm light can enhance photoreceptor performance in aging individuals.
  • To assess the impact of specific light wavelengths on mitochondrial function and vision.

Main Methods:

  • Psychophysical measurements were used to evaluate rod and cone function in 28-72 year olds.
  • The effect of 670-nm light exposure was tested on visual performance.
  • Improvements in color contrast sensitivity and rod thresholds were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Photoreceptor performance significantly declined after age 40.
  • 670-nm light improved blue-axis (tritan) color contrast sensitivity and rod thresholds in individuals over 40.
  • Younger individuals showed no improvement with 670-nm light.

Conclusions:

  • Targeted wavelengths, like 670-nm light, can enhance mitochondrial performance in the aging retina.
  • This approach shows potential for mitigating age-related vision decline.
  • Enhancing mitochondrial function may be key to managing aging in high-energy tissues.