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Extreme Risk Protection Orders in Washington : A Statewide Descriptive Study
Ali Rowhani-Rahbar1, M Alex Bellenger2, Lauren Gibb2
1School of Public Health and Firearm Injury & Policy Research Program, Harborview Injury Prevention & Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (A.R., M.L., E.G.).
Annals of Internal Medicine
|June 30, 2020
Summary
Extreme Risk Protection Order (ERPO) laws help restrict firearm access for individuals posing a risk. In Washington, most ERPOs were granted, leading to firearm removal and addressing concerns of self-harm, harm to others, or both.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Criminology
- Law and Medicine
Background:
- Firearms are involved in a significant percentage of homicides (74%) and suicides (51%) in the U.S.
- Extreme Risk Protection Order (ERPO) laws enable petitioners to request firearm restrictions for individuals deemed a risk to themselves or others.
Purpose of the Study:
- To characterize individuals subject to ERPOs and the circumstances surrounding their issuance.
- To analyze the reasons for ERPO filings, respondent demographics, and associated risk factors.
Main Methods:
- A descriptive study was conducted in the State of Washington.
- Data were collected on all ERPO respondents between December 8, 2016, and May 10, 2019.
- Key data points included reasons for filing, respondent characteristics, history of domestic violence, mental illness, substance misuse, suicide attempts, firearms removed, and petition outcomes.
Main Results:
- ERPOs were filed for concerns of harm to self (n=67), harm to others (n=86), or both (n=84).
- The majority of ERPOs (87%) were filed by law enforcement and 81% were granted, resulting in the removal of at least one firearm from 64% of respondents (641 firearms total).
- Petitioners reported prior domestic violence in 24% of cases, mental health diagnoses in 40%, substance misuse in 47%, and a history of suicidal ideation or attempt in 62% of respondents. Mental health evaluations were ordered in 30% of cases.
Conclusions:
- ERPO laws serve as a potential legal tool to mitigate firearm-related harm to self and others.
- Further research is necessary to evaluate the long-term impact of ERPOs and identify strategies to enhance their utilization.
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