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Genome-Protecting Compounds as Potential Geroprotectors.

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Organisms face DNA damage and mutations throughout life, leading to aging. This review explores compounds that protect the genome, potentially slowing aging and age-related diseases.

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Genomic instability, caused by DNA damage and mutations, is a key driver of aging and age-related diseases.
  • Early life protective mechanisms decline with age, leading to accumulated damage.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for developing interventions against aging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review strategies for counteracting age-related genomic instability.
  • To analyze the effects of various compounds on genome protection and lifespan.
  • To identify advanced directions for developing selective genome-protecting drugs.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on trace elements, vitamins, polyphenols, terpenes, phytochemicals, and synthetic drugs.
  • Analysis of data on genome protection mechanisms and lifespan extension in model organisms.
  • Evaluation of the selectivity and hormetic effects of tested compounds.

Main Results:

  • Numerous compounds, including natural products and synthetic drugs, show geroprotective potential.
  • Many compounds increase lifespan in model organisms by protecting the genome.
  • Genome-protecting effects are often non-selective and influenced by hormesis.

Conclusions:

  • Interventions targeting DNA damage prevention, epigenetic regulation, DNA repair, and cellular senescence show promise.
  • The non-selective nature of current agents highlights the need for targeted approaches.
  • Developing selective drugs for genome protection represents a significant future research direction.