Relationship between malnutrition and coronary microvascular dysfunction in patients with nonischemic dilated...

Malnutrition is common in patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), especially in the end stages of the disease where heart failure symptoms predominate. Malnutrition has been associated with atherosclerosis in patients with chronic kidney disease, but it is unknown whether a similar relationship exists between malnutrition and coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD). In the present study, we aimed to analyse whether indices of malnutrition were associated with coronary flow reserve (CFR) in patients with DCM.

A total of 33 cases who were prospectively followed up with by institutional DCM registry were found eligible for inclusion. Coronary flow reserve was measured with transthoracic echocardiography from the left anterior descending artery. The study sample was divided into 2 groups using a CFR cut-off value of 2.0. Geriatric nutritional index (GNI), prognostic nutritional index (PNI), and C-reactive protein/albumin ratio (CAR) were calculated.

A total of 17 out of 33 cases (51.5%) had a low (<2.0) CFR. Both GNI and PNI were similar between the 2 groups, but the inflammatory–nutritional parameter CAR was significantly higher in those with a low CFR (1.18 ± 0.64 vs. 0.54 ± 0.28, P < 0.001). CAR remained an independent predictor of CFR on multivariate regression (β = 0.65, P < 0.001) after adjustment for demographic (age, sex, body mass index), nutritional (GNI, PNI, albumin), and inflammatory (C-reactive protein) parameters. For a cut-off value of 0.80, CAR had a sensitivity of 85.7% and specificity of 73.6% to predict a CFR <2.0 (AUC: 0.835, 95%CI: 0.693–0.976, P = 0.001).

Our findings indicate that not malnutrition per se but a combination of inflammation activation and malnutrition is predictive of CMD in patients with DCM.