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Updated: Dec 17, 2025

Author Spotlight: Integrating Ultrasound Imaging with Biochemical Markers for Thyroid Disease Diagnosis

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Thyroid Function Analysis in 50 Patients with COVID-19: A Retrospective Study.

Min Chen¹, Weibin Zhou¹, Weiwei Xu¹

¹Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.

Thyroid : Official Journal of the American Thyroid Association

|July 1, 2020

Summary

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) significantly impacts thyroid function, lowering thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and triiodothyronine (TT3) levels. These changes correlate with COVID-19 severity and normalize after recovery.

Keywords:

COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 TSH euthyroid sick syndrome thyroid hormone

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Area of Science:

Endocrinology
Infectious Diseases
Virology

Background:

The impact of COVID-19 on thyroid function remains unclear.
COVID-19 has affected over 200 countries globally since December 2019.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate thyroid function in patients with COVID-19.
To assess the relationship between COVID-19 severity and thyroid hormone levels.

Main Methods:

Retrospective review of 50 COVID-19 patients without prior thyroid disease.
Comparison of thyroid function tests (TSH, TT3, TT4) between COVID-19 patients, healthy controls, and non-COVID-19 pneumonia patients.
Analysis of thyroid function during infection and after recovery.

Main Results:

56% of COVID-19 patients showed lower than normal TSH levels.
COVID-19 patients had significantly lower TSH and TT3 levels compared to controls.
Decreased TSH and TT3 levels correlated positively with COVID-19 severity (p < 0.001).
Total thyroxine (TT4) levels did not differ significantly between groups.
Thyroid function normalized after recovery.

Conclusions:

Changes in serum TSH and TT3 levels are significant indicators during COVID-19 infection.
Thyroid function alterations in COVID-19 are temporary and reversible upon recovery.