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Updated: Dec 17, 2025

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Combined microsurgical fluorescence for optimizing resection in refractory empyema and cerebritis
Carlos Sánchez Fernández1, Bernardino Choque Cuba2, Mónica Rivero-Garvía3
1Department of Neurosurgery, University Clinical Hospital of Valladolid, Ramón y Cajal 3, St., 47005, Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain. carlos_san_fer@hotmail.com.
Summary
Intraoperative fluorescence imaging, using indocyanine green and fluorescein, helps neurosurgeons precisely resect infected brain tissue, preserving healthy areas and improving patient outcomes in complex neurosurgical cases.
Area of Science:
- Neurosurgery
- Medical Imaging
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Intraoperative fluorescence imaging is increasingly used in neurosurgery.
- It aids in distinguishing pathological from normal brain tissue, particularly in neurovascular and neuro-oncology.
- Applications are expanding to intracranial infections.

