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Published on: December 19, 2020
COVID 19- Clinical Profile, Radiological Presentation, Prognostic Predictors, Complications and Outcome: A
Manoj Saluja1, Drishya Pillai2, Shivcharan Jeliya1
1Senior Professor, Department of Medicine, Government Medical College, Kota, Rajasthan.
Insights
The study identified clinical and radiological features of COVID-19 in India. Elderly patients (≥60) faced severe illness and higher mortality, highlighting the need for further research.
Area of Science:
- Epidemiology
- Infectious Diseases
- Public Health
Background:
- The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, began in late 2019.
- India reported its first case on January 30, 2020.
- Understanding disease characteristics is crucial for management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify clinical and radiological features of COVID-19.
- To assess disease severity, prognosis, and the impact of age.
- To inform public health strategies in India.
Main Methods:
- A cross-sectional, observational study was conducted.
- Patients diagnosed with COVID-19 via RT-PCR were included.
- Data on clinical presentation, laboratory findings, and outcomes were collected.
Main Results:
- Male predominance observed, with a mean age of 36.
- Common findings included thrombocytopenia, lymphocytosis, and elevated LDH.
- Patients over 60 years old experienced more severe illness and complications.
- Radiographic abnormalities were frequent, regardless of clinical severity.
- Elderly patients, especially those with comorbidities, had a poor prognosis.
Conclusions:
- COVID-19 generally had a mild course in the studied population.
- Patients aged 60 and above are at significant risk for severe outcomes.
- Clinical and laboratory findings align with other viral infections.
- Cardiac involvement warrants further investigation.
- Chest X-rays are sufficient for imaging, reducing CT scan reliance.
- Larger studies and interventional trials are needed.
Background:
Since December 2019, we have been facing one of the worst pandemics of human history. It originated from the Hubei province in China as a case of pneumonia, later named COVID-19.1 The causative pathogen, a new enveloped betacoronavirus2 is now known as Severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV 2). India reported its first case of COVID19, on 30th January 2020. We aim to identify the defining clinical and radiological characteristics, severity and prognosis, along with impact of age on outcome.
Methods:
Cross sectional, observational study of patients diagnosed with COVID -19 [RT-PCR].
Results:
We observed male predominance, mean age of 36 years, with less or no symptoms, majority brought in after screening and contact tracing by the screening teams. Thrombocytopenia, lymphocytosis, raised LDH was common (>35%, p<0.05). Patients over the age of 60 were the ones having severe illness and more complications (p<0.05). Radiographic abnormality was frequently associated irrespective of clinical presentation and its severity. Poor prognosis was noted in elderly, especially those with co-morbidities.
Discussion:
Though the disease has a relatively mild course in this part of the subcontinent, patients aged ≥60 are at significant risk for morbidity and mortality. Clinical and laboratory findings are similar to those found in viral diseases. Increased risk of cardiac involvement needs to be looked into. Chest X-ray proves sufficient for imaging, reducing the requirement of CT scans. Studies involving larger sample size and interventional trials are need of the hour.
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