Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

In Vitro Fertilization01:24

In Vitro Fertilization

753
In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a form of assisted reproductive technology where an egg is fertilized with sperm in a controlled laboratory environment before transferring the resulting embryo into the uterus. This process is designed to help individuals and couples experiencing difficulties conceiving.
The IVF process begins with ovarian stimulation, during which reproductive endocrinologists prescribe hormonal medications to stimulate the ovaries to produce multiple eggs instead of the single...
753
Fertilization01:38

Fertilization

87.8K
During fertilization, an egg and sperm cell fuse to create a new diploid structure. In humans, the process occurs once the egg has been released from the ovary, and travels into the fallopian tubes. The process requires several key steps: 1) sperm present in the genital tract must locate the egg; 2) once there, sperm need to release enzymes to help them burrow through the protective zona pellucida of the egg; and 3) the membranes of a single sperm cell and egg must fuse, with the sperm...
87.8K
Infertility in Females01:28

Infertility in Females

3.5K
Female infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after a year of regular, unprotected intercourse and affects about 10–15% of couples worldwide. The primary cause of female infertility is ovulatory disorders, which hinder the release of eggs. These disorders can be classified as hypothalamic amenorrhea, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), premature ovarian failure, and hyperprolactinemic anovulation disorders.
Endometriosis, a condition characterized by abnormal growth of...
3.5K
Meiosis II01:57

Meiosis II

204.7K
Meiosis II is the second and final stage of meiosis. It relies on the haploid cells produced during meiosis I, each of which contain only 23 chromosomes—one from each homologous initial pair. Importantly, each chromosome in these cells is composed of two joined copies, and when these cells enter meiosis II, the goal is to separate such sister chromatids using the same microtubule-based network employed in other division processes. The result of meiosis II is two haploid cells, each...
204.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Associations of conventional insemination compared to intracytoplasmic sperm injection on fertilization and pregnancy outcomes among individuals utilizing cryopreserved donor sperm.

Minerva obstetrics and gynecology·2026
Same author

Review of Type 1 Diabetes.

JAMA·2026
Same authorSame journal

Atrial Fibrillation and Atrial Flutter in Pregnancy: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Management.

Obstetrical & gynecological survey·2026
Same authorSame journal

Female Sexual Dysfunction: Current Models and Treatment Options.

Obstetrical & gynecological survey·2026
Same author

Oestradiol concentration on ovulatory trigger day and live births in letrozole-stimulated frozen embryo transfer cycles.

Reproductive biomedicine online·2026
Same author

Birth Trauma and Postpartum Childbirth-related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Narrative Review of Pathology, Risk Factors, and Practice Recommendations.

Obstetrical & gynecological survey·2026
Same journal

Amniotic Fluid Embolism: A Silent Threat to Maternal Life- An Up-to-Date Comprehensive Review of the Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Outcome.

Obstetrical & gynecological survey·2026
Same journal

A System Review of Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Clinical Management of Intrauterine Adhesions.

Obstetrical & gynecological survey·2026
Same journal

Heavy Menstrual Bleeding in the Gynecology Clinic: A Call for Awareness and Standardized Screening for Underlying Bleeding Disorders.

Obstetrical & gynecological survey·2026
Same journal

Uterine Sarcomas: Clinical Management and a Review of Systemic Therapy.

Obstetrical & gynecological survey·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 16, 2025

Human Blastocyst Biopsy and Vitrification
10:59

Human Blastocyst Biopsy and Vitrification

Published on: July 26, 2019

23.4K

Preconception Evaluation Before In Vitro Fertilization.

Elizabeth P Howell1, Benjamin S Harris2, Jeffrey A Kuller3

  • 1Resident, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center.

Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey
|July 1, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Comprehensive preconception evaluation is crucial for optimizing in vitro fertilization (IVF) success. Addressing patient-specific factors and lifestyle choices before IVF improves pregnancy outcomes.

More Related Videos

Chromosome Screening of Human Preimplantation Embryos by Using Spent Culture Medium: Sample Collection and Chromosomal Ploidy Analysis
12:32

Chromosome Screening of Human Preimplantation Embryos by Using Spent Culture Medium: Sample Collection and Chromosomal Ploidy Analysis

Published on: September 7, 2021

2.5K
Author Spotlight: Evaluating the Impact of Immediate Partial Removal of Cumulus-Oocyte Complexes on Fertilization Efficiency and Embryo Quality
08:06

Author Spotlight: Evaluating the Impact of Immediate Partial Removal of Cumulus-Oocyte Complexes on Fertilization Efficiency and Embryo Quality

Published on: October 18, 2024

688

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 16, 2025

Human Blastocyst Biopsy and Vitrification
10:59

Human Blastocyst Biopsy and Vitrification

Published on: July 26, 2019

23.4K
Chromosome Screening of Human Preimplantation Embryos by Using Spent Culture Medium: Sample Collection and Chromosomal Ploidy Analysis
12:32

Chromosome Screening of Human Preimplantation Embryos by Using Spent Culture Medium: Sample Collection and Chromosomal Ploidy Analysis

Published on: September 7, 2021

2.5K
Author Spotlight: Evaluating the Impact of Immediate Partial Removal of Cumulus-Oocyte Complexes on Fertilization Efficiency and Embryo Quality
08:06

Author Spotlight: Evaluating the Impact of Immediate Partial Removal of Cumulus-Oocyte Complexes on Fertilization Efficiency and Embryo Quality

Published on: October 18, 2024

688

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Medicine
  • Infertility Treatment

Background:

  • Infertility is a significant global health issue affecting women of reproductive age.
  • Assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs), particularly in vitro fertilization (IVF), offer solutions for infertility.
  • Optimizing IVF success necessitates thorough preconception evaluation and counseling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline current guidelines and recommendations for comprehensive preconception evaluation prior to IVF initiation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature search of PubMed.
  • Review of ACOG committee opinions (781 and 762).
  • Consultation of relevant textbook chapters.

Main Results:

  • Best practices for IVF patient management exist, emphasizing specific populations (e.g., >35 years, uterine abnormalities, comorbidities, obesity).
  • Lifestyle factors (smoking, drug use, nutrition) require attention before IVF.
  • Preconception counseling and expectation management are vital for successful pregnancy outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Patient and environmental factors significantly influence IVF success rates.
  • Data-driven, patient-centered counseling is essential for providers before initiating IVF.