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Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo
Published on: January 7, 2019
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Optimizing Oncolytic Viral Design to Enhance Antitumor Efficacy: Progress and Challenges
Shyambabu Chaurasiya1, Yuman Fong1, Susanne G Warner1
1Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
Cancers
|July 2, 2020
Summary
Oncolytic virotherapy shows promise but needs improved efficacy, especially in challenging tumors. Arming viruses with immune-modulating transgenes offers a promising strategy to enhance cancer treatment outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Virology
- Immunotherapy
Background:
- Oncolytic virotherapy has advanced, with approved treatments like Talimogene Laherparepvec for melanoma.
- While generally safe, oncolytic viruses show inconsistent efficacy, particularly in immunosuppressed tumors.
- Improving oncolytic virus effectiveness is crucial for broader clinical application.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review progress in arming oncolytic viruses, focusing on immune-modulatory transgenes.
- To discuss strategies for enhancing oncolytic virus therapy.
- To identify challenges for the clinical use of armed oncolytic viruses.
Main Methods:
- Review of preclinical and clinical studies on oncolytic viruses.
- Analysis of transgene-arming strategies for oncolytic viruses.
- Focus on immune-modulatory and tumor-stroma-modulating transgenes.
Main Results:
- Oncolytic viruses can be armed with transgenes to enhance therapeutic efficacy.
- Immune-modulatory transgenes are frequently used to boost anti-tumor immune responses.
- Transgenes can also modulate the tumor microenvironment and aid in imaging.
Conclusions:
- Arming oncolytic viruses with transgenes, particularly immune-modulators, is a key strategy to improve cancer treatment.
- Further research is needed to overcome challenges and facilitate widespread clinical adoption of armed oncolytic viruses.
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