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A randomized controlled trial of a virtual reality based, approach-avoidance training program for alcohol use

Angelina Isabella Mellentin1,2,3, Anette Søgaard Nielsen4,5, Leonie Ascone6

  • 1Unit for Clinical Alcohol Research, Unit for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, J. B. Winsløwsvej 18, 5000, Odense Center, Denmark. amellentin@health.sdu.dk.

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Summary

Virtual reality approach-avoidance training (AATP) may enhance alcohol dependence treatment. This study compares VR AATP to a PC version and standard care, hypothesizing VR superiority for better outcomes in drinking, craving, and impulsiveness.

Keywords:
Alcohol use disorderApproach-avoidance training programVirtual reality

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Approach-avoidance training (AATP) shows promise as an adjunct therapy for alcohol dependence.
  • Effectiveness of AATP may be enhanced in realistic drinking scenarios.
  • Investigating AATP in a virtual reality (VR) bar environment is novel.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the efficacy of VR-based AATP against a PC-based AATP and standard care for alcohol use disorder (AUD).
  • To determine if VR implementation improves treatment outcomes in a more ecologically valid setting.
  • To assess the impact on drinking behavior, craving, and impulsiveness.

Main Methods:

  • Randomized controlled trial with 204 AUD patients from Germany, Poland, and Denmark.
  • Three groups: stimuli-relevant AATP + treatment as usual (TAU), VR AATP + TAU, and TAU only.
  • Outcomes measured at pre-treatment, post-treatment, and 3-month follow-up using repeated-measures ANOVA.

Main Results:

  • Hypothesizes that both AATP groups will outperform the control group.
  • Anticipates superior outcomes for the VR AATP group compared to the PC AATP group.
  • Primary outcomes include changes in drinking, craving, and impulsiveness.

Conclusions:

  • This is the first trial of stimuli-relevant AATP in a VR environment.
  • VR may enhance psychological treatments by increasing ecological validity.
  • If effective, VR AATP offers a scalable and cost-effective add-on treatment for AUD.