Pearls and pitfalls: Cold-induced urticaria.

Area of Science:

• Allergy and Immunology
• Dermatology
• Systemic Autoimmune Diseases

Background:

• Cold-induced urticaria encompasses diverse etiologies including direct cold exposure, cryoglobulinemia, and genetic disorders like cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome.
• This condition commonly affects younger individuals and presents a higher prevalence in females.
• It is characterized by the rapid development of urticaria and/or angioedema following cold stimuli.

Observation:

• A clinical case illustrating cold-induced urticaria and its typical sequelae is presented.
• The review synthesizes information from the patient's clinical course and extensive literature search.
• Focus is placed on understanding the pathophysiology, diagnostic challenges, and management strategies.

Findings:

• Cold-induced urticaria is a complex condition with multiple potential triggers.
• Differential diagnosis, underlying mechanisms, comprehensive workup, and treatment options are discussed.
• The review highlights the potential for systemic reactions, including anaphylaxis.

Implications:

• Increased awareness among healthcare providers regarding the varied presentations of cold-induced urticaria is essential.
• Prompt recognition of anaphylaxis risk in patients with cold-induced urticaria is critical for timely intervention.
• Understanding diagnostic pearls and management pitfalls can optimize patient care and outcomes.