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Updated: Dec 16, 2025

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X-ray processing of a realistic ice mantle can explain the gas abundances in protoplanetary disks

Angela Ciaravella1, Guillermo M Muñoz Caro2, Antonio Jiménez-Escobar3

  • 1Osservatorio Astronomico di Palermo, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, 90134 Palermo, Italy; angela.ciaravella@inaf.it.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|July 2, 2020
PubMed

Keywords:
X-raysastrochemistrymethods: laboratory: molecularprotoplanetary disks

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