Scattering symmetry-breaking induced spin photocurrent from out-of-plane spin texture in a 3D topological insulator

We theoretically study helicity-dependent photocurrent in a three-dimensional topological insulator Bi₂Te₃ under elastic scattering of different symmetries. By exploring spin-selective optical transitions and symmetry-breaking scattering, we are able to address the out-of-plane spin texture of the topological helical surface states and to generate directional, spin-polarization tunable photocurrent that is otherwise forbidden for the original C_3v symmetry of the surface. This can be achieved regardless of the Fermi level, even under the condition when the topological states are inaccessible in dark. This work paves the way to robustly explore the out-of-plane spin texture for harvesting opto-spintronic functionalities of topological insulators.